Henry Fords Automobile And Its Effects On American...

Henry Ford’s Automobile It’s Effects on American Society Over the course of the 20th century, the automobile has gone from being an expensive toy of the rich, to being the standard for passenger transport in most developed countries around the world (Urry). Not unlike the effects of the introduction of Railways into society, automobiles have changed social interactions, employment patterns, goods distribution and the basic face of urban society. The automobile itself is a rather controversial issue. Supporters of the automobile claim that it is a â€Å"marvel of technology† that has brought about prosperity, while opponents aver it leads to urban planning that discourages walking and human interaction, uses non-renewable fuels, generates†¦show more content†¦Ford believed that by paying people more, he would enable Ford employees to afford the cars they were producing and be good for the economy. This new wage plan was offered to men over the age of 22 who had worked for Ford for at least 6 months, and whose lifestyles were approved by Ford’s Sociological Department (150 investigators and support staff who maintained â€Å"employee standards†). Another defining characteristic of Ford Motor Company is Henry Ford’s adamant opposition to labor unions. Ford Motor Company was the last Detroit automobile company to sign a contract with the United Auto Workers union, having done so in June of 1941. In more recent years, the Ford Motor Company has encountered some resistance from environmentalists. â€Å"Ford motor co. ranked 7th as one of the top corporate air polluters in the United States releasing 9.67 million pounds of toxic air in 2002† (PERI). In an attempt to appease the criticism received due to their environmental standing by announcing a plan in 2000 to improve the average gasoline mileage of a line of its trucks by twenty-five percent by 2005. This goal was never met; Ford announced that â€Å"competitive market conditions and technological and cost challenges would prevent the company from achieving thisShow MoreRelatedThe Invention of the Automobile Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageslittle practical purpose. Automobiles first began to truly spread with the invention of the electric motor which created cheaper, more powerful, and safer automobiles. Still the automobile still had numerous problems and were mainly in the hands of the rich. It was the development of the internal combustion engine and the assembly line that was truly able to create a practical vehicle that could be used by all and propelled the automobile into the heart of American culture and made it one of the mostRead MoreEssay on Economy vs. Environment1243 Words   |  5 Pagesa new mode of transportation was available for the â€Å"average American†, Henry Ford’s automobile. Ford is not to blame for the new age of production and consumerism; however, the assembly line and affordable automobiles could be seen as foreshadowing to what was approaching on the horizon. With mass production forever rising, society was yet to realize the detrimental effects it was having on the ever-fragile environment. This new culture of consumerism, which has been developing over the last oneRead MoreA Comparative Study of Lean and Mass Production System: Toyota and Ford5245 Words   |  21 PagesChaintanya Sharavanth C. - 09211 Harshita M. - 09217 Batch - XVII VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT Bachupally, Hyderabad, A.P – 500072, India SUMMARY: This paper deals with the production systems of two major leaders in the automobile market. Mass production is briefly touched up on and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Lean production is the emerging trend, which talks about minimizing waste and increasing production. We have also thrown light on when to use leanRead More Ford Motor Company Marketing Strategy Essay6259 Words   |  26 Pagesinstitutions and markets are systematically organized to maximize human happiness. One of marketing’s strongest features is its empiricism. What science did for perception, marketing does for production. It tests intuition and insight against empirical fact. Henry Ford thought he knew what people wanted from a car: cheap, reliable, and black. Ford sold millions of model-Ts in the 1920s with this mass marketing strategy. Then General Motors came along, segmenting the market into many strata according to incomeRead MoreFord Marketing Plan11940 Words   |  48 PagesBrand Ma nager Christina Keast, Director of Existing Research Elle How, Director of New Market Research MKT419 Professor Barretti Marketing Plan * 2. Table of Contents * 3. Executive Summary Page 1 Introduction Page X Company Description Page X Ford’s Values Page X Ford Today Page X Strategic Focus and Plan Page X Mission Page X One Team Page X One Plan Page X One Goal Page X Vision Page X Goals Page X Nonfinancial Page X Financial Page X Core Competencies Page X Situational Analysis Page X TheRead MoreEssay about Strategic Analysis of Ford Motors Company3516 Words   |  15 PagesCompany Profile Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 by automotive and industrial pioneer Henry Ford in Dearborn, Michigan. Being first to implement a moving assembly line for automotive manufacturing, Ford was able to more efficiently mass produce their products than their competitors. In 1908 the Model T was introduced and went on to sell over 15 million vehicles, firmly establishing Ford as the major player in the early automotive industry with 50% market share by the 1920s. The company wentRead MoreManagement Theory14588 Words   |  59 Pageswas very expensive; assembling just one car took considerable time and effort; and workers could produce only a few cars in a day. To reduce costs and sell more cars, managers of early car companies needed better techniques to increase efï ¬ ciency. Henry Ford revolutionized the car industry. In 1913, Ford opened the Highland Park car plant in Detroit to produce the Model T. Ford and his team of manufacturing managers pioneered the development of mass- production manufacturing, a system that made theRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Ford Motors18943 Words   |  76 PagesFrom the perspective of marketing strategy it is clear that the boom in the automobile industry begun in 1994 and has been characterised by intensification of competition between the automobile companies in different part of the world. Subsequent analysis and the studies have shown the importance in understanding the market and customer commitment, adaptation, power, conflicts and expectations. (Paliwoda, 1991) The automobile industry has seen a lot of ups and downs in its vast history. During the twoRead MoreGeneral Motors with Lean Manufacturing3641 Words   |  15 Pagesand Effect Analysis 11 3.4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward 11 3.5 Quality System Management 13 Part 4.Comments 14 4.1 Achievements beyond Efficiency 14 4.2 A Too-Lean GM? 15 Bibliography 16 Part 1.Overview of General Motors 1.1 Why General Motors? First automotive industry has started in 1885 since Karl Benz and Daimler develop gasoline engine cars. The early automotive industry was expensive ,slow and didnt escape from the design of the wagon type. But The introduction of Henry FordsRead MoreGeneral Motors with Lean Manufacturing3656 Words   |  15 PagesFailure and Effect Analysis 11 3.4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward 11 3.5 Quality System Management 13 Part 4.Comments 14 4.1 Achievements beyond Efficiency 14 4.2 A Too-Lean GM? 15 Bibliography 16 Part 1.Overview of General Motors 1.1 Why General Motors? First automotive industry has started in 1885 since Karl Benz and Daimler develop gasoline engine cars. The early automotive industry was expensive ,slow and didnt escape from the design of the wagon type. But The introduction of Henry Fords conveyor

The Pop Art Movement Of The 1960 S - 1051 Words

Coming to the United States in the early 1950’ and reaching its peak of activity in the 1960’s would be Pop art. This type of art was everywhere, billboards, commercial products, and celebrity images. You see this type of art mostly in comic strips. This type of art celebrates the everydays items that people used. Pop art was the start of a new art movement, In the very beginning, PopArt began in Britain in the way early 1950s. Arthistory.com says â€Å" The first application of the term PopArt occurred during discussions among artist who called themselves the Independent Group (IG), which was part of the Institute of contemporay art in London, begun around 1952-1953.†. The Pop Art movement was mostly associated with these New York artists, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist,and Claes Oldenburg. Andy Warhol was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He had two older brothers, John and Paul. At the age of six, due to an illness, he was c onfined to his bed. Andy had chorea. Chorea is a disease that causes involuntary movements, that get worse in situations of stress or anxiety. Some cases it only looked like the kid was clumsy, but in Andy’s case it was pretty bad. Woth that disease, it gave his mother the perfect opportunity to teach her son how to trace, draw, take pictures, and things like that. With his mo His mother bought him his first camera at the age of nine. He went to school at Carnegie Institute ( Carnegie Museum of Art), Schenley HighShow MoreRelatedThe Pop Art Movement Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pop Art Movement Pop art got its name from Lawrence Alloway, who was a British art critic in 1950’s. The name â€Å"Pop Art† reflected on the â€Å"familiar imagery of the contemporary urban environment† (kleiner, 981). This art form was popular for its bold and simple looks plus its bright and vibrant colors. An example of this type of art is the oil painting done by Andy Warhol, â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (Warhol, Marilyn Diptych) in 1962. The Pop art movement became known in the mid-1950 and continued asRead MorePop Art Movement Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pop Art Movement was one of the biggest visual art movements of the 20th century. Therefore it is extremely significant. Pop Art is simply an abbreviation for popular art work. Numerous artists such as such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist and Claes Oldenburg started this phenomenal movement form the 1950’s and onwards. It came at a time after a two decade period where abstract art was extremely popular. Pop Art is the movement in art when artists began to create art with theRead MoreThe Movement Of Pop Art991 Words   |  4 Pages The term ‘Pop Arts ‘was innovated in the mid-1950s and early 1960 s. Undoubtedly, the god father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, thisRead MoreEssay about Pop Art’s Response to Mass Consumerism1133 Words   |  5 PagesPart One: Introduction to Pop Art The Pop Art movement â€Å"uses elements of popular culture, such as magazines, movies, †¦ and even [brand name] bottles and cans† to convey a message about the artist’s views on society. Using bold coloured paintings, soft sculptures, and printmaking, artists would create facsimiles, similar reproductions of popular merchandise and collages. The purpose was to emphasize the banality of any given mass culture. This was a response the post-war conservative society whichRead MoreReverie by Roy Lichtenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesLichtenstein was an American artist who was an influential part of the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York in 1923 and he has created some of the most well-known Pop Art paintings and artworks. An example of his artwork is â€Å"Reverie†, it is a screen print by Roy Lichtenstein in 1965 in his iconic comic strip art style. â€Å"Reverie† by Roy Lichtenstein shows social commentary of mass pro duction through the art movement it’s in, the technique used, the subject matter. â€Å"Reverie†Read MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On The Pop Art Movement1608 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, was one of the most successful artists within the pop art movement. At the age of 8, Warhol was diagnosed with a rare, sometimes fatal, disease named Chorea. Also known as St. Vitus’s dance, a neurological disorder that is characterized by jerky involuntary movements affecting especially the shoulders, hips and face. Warhol, was left bedridden of several months, however during these months was when he found out about his talent for drawing. LaterRead MoreImpact Of Pop Art1448 Words   |  6 PagesDEPICTED IN TOM WESSELMANN’S POP ART† Christopher Zacherl ARTH 3340: Art of the United States November 20, 2017 In the 1960s, pop art represented the attempt to return to a more objective, universally acceptable form of art following the dominance of the highly personal Abstract Expressionism in the United States and Europe. It was considered very radical compared to what the art world had seen in the 40s and 50s, rejecting the supremacy of the â€Å"high art† of the past and the pretensesRead MoreThe Rise Of Pop Art1657 Words   |  7 Pagesrise of Pop Art. It paved the way for iconic artist such as Andy Warhol and Jasper Johns . With the rise of this bona fide American phenomenon also brought critics. Critics asked and wondered how a can of soup or a soft drink could be considered art. Pop artist, Andy Warhol responded by stating, †Art is what you can get away with.† What made pop art popular? It was brash, transient, witty, hostile, young, mass produced, and most importantly it was low-cost . Pop art was the new art movement of theRead MoreAndrew Warhola was born in 1928, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He majored in pictorial design at the1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1950’s, Warhola had a successful job as a commercial artist, earning several awards for his talents and soon shortens his name to Warhol (Andy Warhol // Biography). Andy Warhol was an American artist who was known as a leading figure in the visual art movement in pop art. He explored the relationships between artistic expressions, commercial advertisement, and celebrity culture in the 1960s and beyond. His views on American culture ad unique artistic expressions of the style of art had a greatRead MoreClaude Manet – Impressionism – 19Th . Oscar-Claude Monet1449 Words   |  6 Pagesand the most consistent and productive expert of the movement s philosophy of communicating one s observations before nature particularly applied to plein-air landscape painting. The expression Impressionism is from the title of his piece Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which was shown in 1874 in the first of the independent presentations mounted by Monet and his partners as an alternate choice to the Salon de Paris. Monet s aspiration of painting the French countryside drove

The Properties of Chemical Reactions Free Essays

Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty, Science 10 Fiona Adams, November 1st, 2012 Introduction Chemical reactions are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing colour in the fall. A  chemical reaction  is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. We will write a custom essay sample on The Properties of Chemical Reactions or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a chemical reaction takes place, the change is indicated by one or more qualitative properties. The colour or odor could change, gas could be produced, a precipitate – a solid substance in a solution – could be formed, or energy could be absorbed or released. The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. When chemical reactions occur, the end result is called a product. Products usually have different properties than reactants; bonds between atoms will be changed during the reaction, switch the atoms’ arrangement in different compounds. A compound is a chemical substance that consists of two or more different chemically bonded elements. In this experiment, several different compounds are being worked with – potassium iodide, lead (II) nitrate, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not a reaction has taken place using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Procedure Part 1 – Qualitative observations of both potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were recorded in a table. Then, the equipment and chemicals needed were gathered – potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, a graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, small test tube, rubber stopper, and small scale. Using the graduated cylinder, 10 mL of potassium iodide solution was measured and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask. Next, the lead (II) nitrate solution was poured into the small test tube until it was approximately half full. The test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask, and sealed with a rubber stopper – the solutions were not mixed. The mass of flask, stopper and contents were determined by being placed and weighed on a small scale. The mass determined was then recorded in another table. The Erlenmeyer flask was tipped so the previously separate solutions were allowed to mix, and the new mixture was again weighed and recorded in the second table. Changes in appearance from the original solutions were recorded in the first table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Part 2 – Qualitative observations of both acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were recorded in a third table. Equipment and chemicals were gathered – acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, a small scale, two plastic â€Å"weigh boats†, scoopula, and graduated cylinder. The first weigh boat was placed on the scale and the scale was â€Å"zeroed†. One scoop of sodium bicarbonate was poured into the weigh boat with the scoopula, and the results were recorded in a fourth table. Next, the second weigh boat was placed on the scale and zeroed. Using the graduated cylinder, 15 mL of acetic acid was measured and poured into the weigh boat on the scale. The mass of the acetic acid was recorded in the fourth table. The sodium bicarbonate, measured previously, was poured into the weigh boat of acetic acid, and qualitative observations of that were recorded in the third table. When the reaction was complete, the mass of the products shown on the scale was recorded in the fourth table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Results Qualitative Observations Part 1 – Before the reaction took place, both the potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate had similar characteristics – they were both in a liquid state, as well as being clear and colorless. After the reaction, the qualitative observations of the new substance showed several differences. It was yellow in color, and a grainy precipitate had formed. The substance remained in a liquid state. (Table 2) Quantitative Observations from Part 1 – Mass of Reactants and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Mass of Products and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Qualitative Observations Part 2 – Before the reaction took place, the acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate each had different qualitative characteristics. The acetic acid was clear, colorless and in a liquid state. The sodium bicarbonate, however, was a white powder, in a solid state. The reaction caused the new substance to bubble and foam, producing a gas. (Table 4) Quantitative Observations from Part 2 – Mass of Sodium Bicarbonate (g)| 1. 01| Mass of Acetic Acid (g)| 14. 29| Mass of Products (g)| 14. 88| Analysis Part 1: The chemical reaction that took place was evidenced by several qualitative observations. The colour of the two original substances was clear, and when combined the colour changed to yellow – a change of colour is clear evidence of a chemical reaction. The word equation for this reaction would be – potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate Potassium nitrate and lead (II) iodide. In the form of a balanced equation, this reaction would be – 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2. Weighing both the reactants and the product showed that the mass of the reactants, with the apparatus, was 140. 26 grams. The mass of the product, with the apparatus, was also 140. 6 grams – the product of this reaction had the same mass as the reactants. These results were expected, based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The application of the Law of Conservation of Mass means that the mass of products in a chemical reaction will equal the mass of the reactants, and this is consistent with the r esults of the first experiment. Part 2 Several qualitative observations determined that a chemical reaction took place – the product bubbled, and a gas was produced. The chemical equation for this reaction is CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2. Put into a word equation, the equation would be acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide being a gas. Because a gas is present on the product side of the equation but not on the reactant side, the gas has been produced, which is evidence of a chemical reaction. Weighing the reactants and products showed that the combined mass of the reactants was 15. 30 grams. The combined mass of the products was 14. 8 grams, weighing slightly less than the reactants. This result was expected, because it is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Although the product weighed on the scale showed a slightly lower mass, this was because the carbon dioxide was a gas, and was not accounted for on the scale. To achieve better results and gain an accurate measurement of the products’ combined mass, it would be necessary to capture the gas and weigh it as well. Pa rt 3: Extension For the chemical reaction AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, the total molecular mass of the reactants would be 228. grams – silver nitrate (AgNO3) would have a mass of 169. 9 grams, and sodium chloride (NaCl) would have a mass of 58. 5 grams. Based on the experiments performed in the lab, and the Law of Conservation of Mass, it is expected that the mass of the products would be 228. 4 grams as well. This prediction can be proved by finding the molecular mass of the reactions products – multiply the mass number of each atom by the number of said atom, and add the amounts to determine the total mass of sodium nitrate and silver chloride, the products. Conclusion Using qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was determined that reactions took place in each portion of the lab – the first between potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate; the second between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. In each section, the reactions were evidenced by several qualitative observations. When potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were combined, a change of colour occurred in the reactant and a precipitate was formed. This is evidence of a chemical change. When acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were combined, a gas was produced; also evidence of a chemical reaction. In the experiments, the Law of Conservation of Mass was discovered. The quantitative evidence in each section proved this law. In the first experiment, the mass of the products was equal to the mass of the reaction, indicating that matter was not created or destroyed in the reaction. The results of the second reaction showed a decrease in the mass of the product – however, this was only because the gas formed in the reaction could not be weighed. Application Much of the ease of our current lifestyle is due to the availability of fresh air, pure water and access to resources – all of which are almost entirely taken from the environment. When fossil fuels like coal and oil are mined and utilize, the result is a huge negative impact on the many aspects of the environment, and as a direct consequence, our lifestyles. Coal and oil have to be extracted from deep under the earth, transported, and burned. At each stage of this process, greenhouse gases – i. e. , carbon dioxide – are produced. Burning is especially bad for the environment; when burned, fossil fuels like coal and oil release mass amounts of carbon, which then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. References University of Washington. Chemical Reactions – an Introduction. http://depts. washington. edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem110A_aut01/notes_Week_5. pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Science Daily. Science Reference – Chemical Compound. http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/c/chemical_compound. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). American University. Oil Production and Environmental Damage. http://www1. american. edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Chem Professor. Reactants and Products. http://www. chemprofessor. com/outline7b. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). How to cite The Properties of Chemical Reactions, Papers