Aldi and Lidls Market Strategy: A Comparison

Aldi and Lidls Market Strategy: A Comparison Aldi and Lidl are both fruitful basic food item retailer stores that began their business in their nation of origin Germany and wound up growing their business sectors to practically all parts in Europe. If there should be an occurrence of Aldi, they even have their stores in Australia and Unites States. The two of them had the ideal market methodologies for their basic food item retail location that helped them increment their benefits for a bigger scope. While Aldi followed a Hard rebate technique, Lidl followed a Soft markdown methodology. Due to their enormous achievement, the organizations are presently attempting to enter the business sectors of Russia, Croatia, Mexico, Brazil and so on. ALDI: Aldi is a German basic food item retail location that offers HARD markdown for example they sell less number of things (store brands) at an exceptionally modest cost which builds their benefit. Aldi was established by Karl and Theo Albrecht during the 1960s. Aldi is short name for Albrecht Discount. They had a straightforward system of expanding their business volume and benefit by financing the costs of the item. They had a moderate methodology wherein they didn't spend much on the store structure, client care or notice. They sold their items in distribution center like stores. By diminishing the costs of the items, they had the option to sell increasingly number of items and henceforth bigger benefit. Their objective purchasers were the normal spending buyers who incline toward quality items at lower costs. They followed the hypothesis of economies of scale. If we somehow managed to look at Aldi and Lidl regarding their business volume, Aldi could be found to have more market in Germany than in a remote market. Lidl could be believed to have a bigger number of deals volume in remote markets than Aldi. Aldi has now arrived at advertise immersion on Germany and is currently anticipating grow their business sectors further and focus on an alternate crowd. They had a turnover of  £2.76bn in 2011 (The Grocer, 2011). Aldi has more than 9000 stores all around the globe now. LIDL: Lidl is additionally German basic food item retail location that offers SOFT rebate for example they sell bigger number of things that incorporate both marked items and store items at lower costs. Lidl was opened in 1973 by Dieter Schwarz in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Lidl entered France in 1988. They currently have stores practically all over Europe and furthermore in certain pieces of South America. Correlation SALES VOLUME: If we somehow managed to think about Aldi and Lidl regarding their business volume, Aldi could be found to have more market in Germany than in a remote market. Lidl could be believed to have a larger number of deals volume in outside business sectors than Aldi. REASONS WHY ALDI AND LIDL CHOSE GREENFIELD INVESTMENT STRATEGY: Greenfield venture procedure is the place an organization purchases a land and assembles its store from zero level. Aldi had a procedure of purchasing lands in remote areas or in districts where the expense of property is low in order to spend least and increase greatest. Greenfield speculation technique causes the organization to coordinate with the way of life of a remote market for example in the event that they are focusing on an outside nation. Organizations could even get charge endowments from the remote nation they are attempting to infiltrate on the premise that they give work to local people there. Utilizing local people is much increasingly valuable as they help in better comprehension of the way of life in the outside land which could thus help in adjusting and changing their items and system as per the social contrasts. Aldi and Lidl had the option to adjust better to the outside business sectors as a result of this technique as it helps in a superior comprehension of th e market as far as client inclinations and tastes. This methodology positively affected developing markets as there was age of business, trade of information and increment of expectations for everyday comforts. Consequently, the Greenfield speculation methodology was helpful to Aldi and Lidl as their essential market technique while entering a remote market. TO IMPROVE ITS IMAGE OF AN UNDERCLASS DISCOUNTER IN THE U.K AND IN SWITZERLAND, WHY ALDI ENLARGED ITS PRODUCT RANGE AND OFFERED A HIGHER SERVICE LEVEL TO CUSTOMERS? Issues AND RISKS ASSOCIATED: Aldi needed to leave from its hard rebate techniques it had back there in its nation of origin Germany. Obviously they needed to think of new methodologies to endure and to make benefits in the new remote market. At the point when they entered the UK and Switzerland, they needed to confront rivalries from the neighborhood marks previously arranged there. Additionally in UK, less expensive products were viewed as low in worth and quality. Thus Aldi needed to expand the costs of merchandise in order to draw in the shoppers and guarantee that they sell quality items. Recently they expanded the cost of milk again in September, 2012. They did this in order to breakdown the picture of an UNDERCLASS discounter. Costs in the UK and Switzerland are right around multiple times of that in Germany. Aldi likewise did some promoting efforts to draw in clients. In UK they began offering wide choices of meat items. The deals have multiplied in the UK starting at 2012 review. Aldi likewise needed to adjust their items to suit the client needs. They didn't sell German items; rather they relabelled them in Switzerland and furthermore offered local items to fulfill the client requests and tastes. This demonstrates the significance of having and understanding methodologies to be a victor in an outside market. Dangers Since Aldi is breaking path from its picture of a hard markdown supplier and changing its system to endure the outside market by expanding its value extend, it could lose its clients to Lidl. In outside business sectors like the U.K and Switzerland, Aldi no longer stands for instance of hard markdown technique. They burn through cash on client care, promoting efforts, store building and structuring following which increment the selling cost of the merchandise. They currently sell quality items at significant expense. They have begun un-utilizing the extremely essential procedure selling at low costs for expanded benefits for which they were known. As a result of their changed picture, they are in danger of losing their clients. Internationalization OF LIDL-FAST PUSHING AND ALDI-SLOW AND WELL-CONSIDERED? REASONS? The facts demonstrate that the internationalization procedure of Lidl is quick and pushing while that of Aldis is moderate and all around considered. Aldis moderate and considered methodology is very obvious from the way that it enters a remote market with a hole of around 10 years. Aldi at first worked in Germany as it were. It moved to Austria just in 1967 for example seven years after its opening and achievement in the nation of origin Germany. Following ten years in Austria it entered the US advertise. This shows Aldi first investigations the remote market, the degree for their development, distinguishes the objective shoppers and think of methodologies before wandering into an outside market. As the contextual investigation specifies, in Switzerland, Aldi first focused on German talking districts of the nation following which they entered their development. Aldi is very mindful before wandering into an outside market as plainly appeared by the models above. Lidl then again is very quick in their methodology. They follow a kind of experimentation strategy. This could be seen by the manner in which they entered Poland and Norway. On occasion it worked for them, however on occasion it has likewise driven them to tremendous misfortunes (for example in Norway) In 2007, when they extended to Poland, they had the option to make tremendous benefits when contrasted with the adversary Aldi. This is on the grounds that when Lidl entered Poland, there were lesser or no opposition in the market and they had the option to get a new beginning and draw in clients with offers that were new for the Polish clients. Then again, Aldi needed to confront more rivalry as when they entered, the business sectors had developed and immersed with more contenders. Be that as it may, this sort of audacious wandering could likewise be hurtful on occasion for instance, in Norway in 2008; Lidl needed to offer its stores to the nearby contender Rema because of the disappointment of their systems. As a matter of first importance Norway has an interesting populace thickness spread and an alternate geographic area. In view of this the coordinations and execution got costlier and prompted misfortunes. The area of the shop was likewise observed as off-base by Werner Eversten (Head of Lidl, Norway). Additionally there were some interior administration issues like, the top administration authorities continued changing which thusly influenced the technique and arranging procedure of the organization. Preferences AND DISADVANTAGES OF ALDIS STRATEGY. WHICH STRATEGY DO YOU RECOMMEND TO LIDL IN TERMS OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL PRESENCE UNTIL 2020? Aldi is known for its all around thought about methodology. It despite everything has more outside business sectors other than in Europe when contrasted with Lidl. Focal points: Since they dive for deep investigation of the market, the methodologies required and the neighborhood requests of an outside market, it works emphatically for the organization as they can adjust to a remote market in a superior way. Wandering into business sectors like the US added to their benefits since they were first to offer limits and they encountered the First mover advantage. They had less contenders there. They take a shot at the hypothesis of economies of scale and infiltrate into new markets where this is another and a methodology never knew about. They maintain a strategic distance from dangers via cautiously contemplating and dissecting the market. Burdens: When Aldi entered outside business sectors, it needed to change its systems to adjust to the client requests of that nation. Thus it needed to acquire client care plans, promotions, flyers, store structuring which expanded their cost. They needed to expand their costs to cover for this in this manner moving from their hard markdown system. Because of this they could lose the clients in the lower pay layers of the general public. They should confront the normal and clear danger of internationalization for example understanding social contrasts (like in the UK) and confronting the nearby contenders. Procedure for Lidl: Lidl has consistently entered remote markets in scurry. It never considered the market requests or investigated the sco

ACE Hardware Point of Purchase Observation

Decide the customers' choice procedure. B. Approach The quality of perception strategies lies In â€Å"what It Is†. The subject isn't required to review activities, to answer a poll or to finish an individual Interview. In like manner, the eyewitness Is not In a situation to Interpret an answer by an Interviewee. Activity is recorded not translation. Undercover observational research is utilized. Analysts don't distinguish themselves. Analysts are either blending in the subjects undetected, or seeing from the distance.This technique is utilized with the goal that the subjects' conduct won't be tainted by the nearness of the scientist. Clients will be watched whether or not or not they Interested in specific divisions or whether they were by all accounts just going through. All people, once â€Å"picked up†, will be recorded and considered In the examination regardless of whether no buys are made. The perception area will be centered around the ground floor of ACE Hardwa re BCC.Researchers will spread in like manner to the clients developments. The change pace of the store will be dictated by watching the quantity of clients coming in just from the primary entryway and clients buying at the clerks of the ground level. Whatever other exercises that happen on the different floor(s) sick not be watched. To stay away from predispositions with respect to the components of the store, scientists will likewise actualize some basic individual meeting to the ACE Hardware staffs.By doing as such, specialists may decipher the observational information gathered all the more precisely. C. Purpose of Purchase Observation Things to be watched: Store Measurement Conversion or Closure Rate The measure of time a customer spends In a store Interception Rate (level of clients who have contact with a store representative) Shopping Behavior Departments visited Things seen and contacted Things put In the truck Effort spent Purchase choice Store Management .Display Location of every office Products put on the rack at the stature the eye level Price labels (is there any contrasts between items showed in plain view table and those on the rack) Differences of items on the tallness of eye level, above eye level, and under eye level (value, type, hues, shape, and so forth ) Products plan Lighting b. Store Assistances Employees way to deal with shoppers How to manage questions and objections c. In Store Promotion Current advancements Terms and states of the advancement Upcoming advancements d. Administration Environment Must be accessible in the administration Environment

Pride Month at Columbia University, at SIPA, and in NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Pride Month at Columbia University, at SIPA, and in NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Pride Month is still going strong as we head into mid-June, and New York City has a strong connection to Pride. June was chosen for LGBTQ Pride Month to commemorate the Stonewall riots in June 1969, where black, brown and trans members of the LGBTQ community protested against a police raid at the Stonewall Inn. Today, the Stonewall Inn is a National Historic Landmark; back in 1969, it was the target of an anti-gay legal system and rampant homophobia. Being a policy and international affairs graduate school in the center of New York, LGBTQ rights in law and policy is a course that Adjunct Professor Jessica Stern teaches here. She describes the course as life-changing, not just for LGBTQ students, but also for straight allies. This is something that is a beautiful part of a large school of critical thinkers (and do-ers) in the diverse and dense city of New York: you have every opportunity to learn about the intersection of LGBTQ rights, race, policy, and law â€" as well as the history of the LGBTQ movement. That being said, I am writing this post from my own perspective as a straight person and generally average New Yorker.* I used to live in Hell’s Kitchen, an extremely gay-friendly neighborhood. I worked closely with many Broadway workers, and every single one had lost close friends and loved ones during the AIDS crisis. I’ve gotten out of the subway countless times at the Christopher St. stop, right in Greenwich Village where the Stonewall Inn is located. Even if you’re not in New York City, being on the internet exposes us to countless words and phrases that were invented and coined by the gay community, with users enthusiastically commenting “yas queen!” without knowing where it came from. Being at SIPA will cause you to think about your place in the world, and what your work in policy and international affairs will mean for others. What does it mean to have inclusive policy? What work needs to be done to shift rhetoric and policies in my country? What do I need to learn to be more effective in creating sustainable change? Pride Month is a celebration: of the LGBTQ community, of dignity and equality â€" and honestly, the marches and parties in NYC are really fun. This month, I’m also thinking about what it means to be a straight ally. I was once told by a friend that he didn’t want an ally in this movement; he wanted an accomplice. He wanted someone to conspire with him, to protest with him, to actively change the status quo with him. Professor Stern says that it’s essential to incorporate LGBTQ studies into curriculum. Perhaps this is something you’re intimately familiar with, and perhaps this is something that you’ve never thought about because of your environment and upbringing. At Columbia SIPA, you have the opportunity to learn things, that you didn’t even know you didn’t know. Tomorrow well share a post from a SIPA student about his perspective on Pride Month in New York City as a policy student. Until then, some resources: Professor Stern on  when governments shift toward nationalist rhetoric and policies, LGBTQ people are often among the first minorities targeted. About  Spectrum,SIPA’s student organization that uses advocacy and information to advance, local, national and international transformations in favor of LGBTQIA rights.  This past spring, Spectrum hosted an event with Alok Vaid-Menon about policy, leadership, and non-binary and gender-nonconforming people. Columbia University’s “Pride of Lions” campaign, celebrating LGBTQ history and scholarship from across the university. The documentary “Paris Is Burning,” which focuses on house and ball culture in New York City in the 1980s and the black, Latinx, gay and trans communities involved. (Available on Netflix.) *I ran a first draft of this blog post past a SIPA student who pointed out that I was missing the intersection of race within the LGBTQ movement. I include this as an anecdote of the SIPA community being a supportive environment in the collective quest to do better!

Henry Fords Automobile And Its Effects On American...

Henry Ford’s Automobile It’s Effects on American Society Over the course of the 20th century, the automobile has gone from being an expensive toy of the rich, to being the standard for passenger transport in most developed countries around the world (Urry). Not unlike the effects of the introduction of Railways into society, automobiles have changed social interactions, employment patterns, goods distribution and the basic face of urban society. The automobile itself is a rather controversial issue. Supporters of the automobile claim that it is a â€Å"marvel of technology† that has brought about prosperity, while opponents aver it leads to urban planning that discourages walking and human interaction, uses non-renewable fuels, generates†¦show more content†¦Ford believed that by paying people more, he would enable Ford employees to afford the cars they were producing and be good for the economy. This new wage plan was offered to men over the age of 22 who had worked for Ford for at least 6 months, and whose lifestyles were approved by Ford’s Sociological Department (150 investigators and support staff who maintained â€Å"employee standards†). Another defining characteristic of Ford Motor Company is Henry Ford’s adamant opposition to labor unions. Ford Motor Company was the last Detroit automobile company to sign a contract with the United Auto Workers union, having done so in June of 1941. In more recent years, the Ford Motor Company has encountered some resistance from environmentalists. â€Å"Ford motor co. ranked 7th as one of the top corporate air polluters in the United States releasing 9.67 million pounds of toxic air in 2002† (PERI). In an attempt to appease the criticism received due to their environmental standing by announcing a plan in 2000 to improve the average gasoline mileage of a line of its trucks by twenty-five percent by 2005. This goal was never met; Ford announced that â€Å"competitive market conditions and technological and cost challenges would prevent the company from achieving thisShow MoreRelatedThe Invention of the Automobile Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageslittle practical purpose. Automobiles first began to truly spread with the invention of the electric motor which created cheaper, more powerful, and safer automobiles. Still the automobile still had numerous problems and were mainly in the hands of the rich. It was the development of the internal combustion engine and the assembly line that was truly able to create a practical vehicle that could be used by all and propelled the automobile into the heart of American culture and made it one of the mostRead MoreEssay on Economy vs. Environment1243 Words   |  5 Pagesa new mode of transportation was available for the â€Å"average American†, Henry Ford’s automobile. 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But The introduction of Henry FordsRead MoreGeneral Motors with Lean Manufacturing3656 Words   |  15 PagesFailure and Effect Analysis 11 3.4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward 11 3.5 Quality System Management 13 Part 4.Comments 14 4.1 Achievements beyond Efficiency 14 4.2 A Too-Lean GM? 15 Bibliography 16 Part 1.Overview of General Motors 1.1 Why General Motors? First automotive industry has started in 1885 since Karl Benz and Daimler develop gasoline engine cars. The early automotive industry was expensive ,slow and didnt escape from the design of the wagon type. But The introduction of Henry Fords conveyor

The Pop Art Movement Of The 1960 S - 1051 Words

Coming to the United States in the early 1950’ and reaching its peak of activity in the 1960’s would be Pop art. This type of art was everywhere, billboards, commercial products, and celebrity images. You see this type of art mostly in comic strips. This type of art celebrates the everydays items that people used. Pop art was the start of a new art movement, In the very beginning, PopArt began in Britain in the way early 1950s. Arthistory.com says â€Å" The first application of the term PopArt occurred during discussions among artist who called themselves the Independent Group (IG), which was part of the Institute of contemporay art in London, begun around 1952-1953.†. The Pop Art movement was mostly associated with these New York artists, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist,and Claes Oldenburg. Andy Warhol was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He had two older brothers, John and Paul. At the age of six, due to an illness, he was c onfined to his bed. Andy had chorea. Chorea is a disease that causes involuntary movements, that get worse in situations of stress or anxiety. Some cases it only looked like the kid was clumsy, but in Andy’s case it was pretty bad. Woth that disease, it gave his mother the perfect opportunity to teach her son how to trace, draw, take pictures, and things like that. With his mo His mother bought him his first camera at the age of nine. He went to school at Carnegie Institute ( Carnegie Museum of Art), Schenley HighShow MoreRelatedThe Pop Art Movement Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pop Art Movement Pop art got its name from Lawrence Alloway, who was a British art critic in 1950’s. The name â€Å"Pop Art† reflected on the â€Å"familiar imagery of the contemporary urban environment† (kleiner, 981). This art form was popular for its bold and simple looks plus its bright and vibrant colors. An example of this type of art is the oil painting done by Andy Warhol, â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (Warhol, Marilyn Diptych) in 1962. The Pop art movement became known in the mid-1950 and continued asRead MorePop Art Movement Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pop Art Movement was one of the biggest visual art movements of the 20th century. Therefore it is extremely significant. Pop Art is simply an abbreviation for popular art work. Numerous artists such as such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist and Claes Oldenburg started this phenomenal movement form the 1950’s and onwards. It came at a time after a two decade period where abstract art was extremely popular. Pop Art is the movement in art when artists began to create art with theRead MoreThe Movement Of Pop Art991 Words   |  4 Pages The term ‘Pop Arts ‘was innovated in the mid-1950s and early 1960 s. Undoubtedly, the god father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, thisRead MoreEssay about Pop Art’s Response to Mass Consumerism1133 Words   |  5 PagesPart One: Introduction to Pop Art The Pop Art movement â€Å"uses elements of popular culture, such as magazines, movies, †¦ and even [brand name] bottles and cans† to convey a message about the artist’s views on society. Using bold coloured paintings, soft sculptures, and printmaking, artists would create facsimiles, similar reproductions of popular merchandise and collages. The purpose was to emphasize the banality of any given mass culture. This was a response the post-war conservative society whichRead MoreReverie by Roy Lichtenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesLichtenstein was an American artist who was an influential part of the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York in 1923 and he has created some of the most well-known Pop Art paintings and artworks. An example of his artwork is â€Å"Reverie†, it is a screen print by Roy Lichtenstein in 1965 in his iconic comic strip art style. â€Å"Reverie† by Roy Lichtenstein shows social commentary of mass pro duction through the art movement it’s in, the technique used, the subject matter. â€Å"Reverie†Read MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On The Pop Art Movement1608 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, was one of the most successful artists within the pop art movement. At the age of 8, Warhol was diagnosed with a rare, sometimes fatal, disease named Chorea. 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His views on American culture ad unique artistic expressions of the style of art had a greatRead MoreClaude Manet – Impressionism – 19Th . Oscar-Claude Monet1449 Words   |  6 Pagesand the most consistent and productive expert of the movement s philosophy of communicating one s observations before nature particularly applied to plein-air landscape painting. The expression Impressionism is from the title of his piece Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which was shown in 1874 in the first of the independent presentations mounted by Monet and his partners as an alternate choice to the Salon de Paris. Monet s aspiration of painting the French countryside drove

The Properties of Chemical Reactions Free Essays

Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty, Science 10 Fiona Adams, November 1st, 2012 Introduction Chemical reactions are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing colour in the fall. A  chemical reaction  is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. We will write a custom essay sample on The Properties of Chemical Reactions or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a chemical reaction takes place, the change is indicated by one or more qualitative properties. The colour or odor could change, gas could be produced, a precipitate – a solid substance in a solution – could be formed, or energy could be absorbed or released. The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. When chemical reactions occur, the end result is called a product. Products usually have different properties than reactants; bonds between atoms will be changed during the reaction, switch the atoms’ arrangement in different compounds. A compound is a chemical substance that consists of two or more different chemically bonded elements. In this experiment, several different compounds are being worked with – potassium iodide, lead (II) nitrate, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not a reaction has taken place using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Procedure Part 1 – Qualitative observations of both potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were recorded in a table. Then, the equipment and chemicals needed were gathered – potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, a graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, small test tube, rubber stopper, and small scale. Using the graduated cylinder, 10 mL of potassium iodide solution was measured and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask. Next, the lead (II) nitrate solution was poured into the small test tube until it was approximately half full. The test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask, and sealed with a rubber stopper – the solutions were not mixed. The mass of flask, stopper and contents were determined by being placed and weighed on a small scale. The mass determined was then recorded in another table. The Erlenmeyer flask was tipped so the previously separate solutions were allowed to mix, and the new mixture was again weighed and recorded in the second table. Changes in appearance from the original solutions were recorded in the first table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Part 2 – Qualitative observations of both acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were recorded in a third table. Equipment and chemicals were gathered – acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, a small scale, two plastic â€Å"weigh boats†, scoopula, and graduated cylinder. The first weigh boat was placed on the scale and the scale was â€Å"zeroed†. One scoop of sodium bicarbonate was poured into the weigh boat with the scoopula, and the results were recorded in a fourth table. Next, the second weigh boat was placed on the scale and zeroed. Using the graduated cylinder, 15 mL of acetic acid was measured and poured into the weigh boat on the scale. The mass of the acetic acid was recorded in the fourth table. The sodium bicarbonate, measured previously, was poured into the weigh boat of acetic acid, and qualitative observations of that were recorded in the third table. When the reaction was complete, the mass of the products shown on the scale was recorded in the fourth table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Results Qualitative Observations Part 1 – Before the reaction took place, both the potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate had similar characteristics – they were both in a liquid state, as well as being clear and colorless. After the reaction, the qualitative observations of the new substance showed several differences. It was yellow in color, and a grainy precipitate had formed. The substance remained in a liquid state. (Table 2) Quantitative Observations from Part 1 – Mass of Reactants and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Mass of Products and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Qualitative Observations Part 2 – Before the reaction took place, the acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate each had different qualitative characteristics. The acetic acid was clear, colorless and in a liquid state. The sodium bicarbonate, however, was a white powder, in a solid state. The reaction caused the new substance to bubble and foam, producing a gas. (Table 4) Quantitative Observations from Part 2 – Mass of Sodium Bicarbonate (g)| 1. 01| Mass of Acetic Acid (g)| 14. 29| Mass of Products (g)| 14. 88| Analysis Part 1: The chemical reaction that took place was evidenced by several qualitative observations. The colour of the two original substances was clear, and when combined the colour changed to yellow – a change of colour is clear evidence of a chemical reaction. The word equation for this reaction would be – potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate Potassium nitrate and lead (II) iodide. In the form of a balanced equation, this reaction would be – 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2. Weighing both the reactants and the product showed that the mass of the reactants, with the apparatus, was 140. 26 grams. The mass of the product, with the apparatus, was also 140. 6 grams – the product of this reaction had the same mass as the reactants. These results were expected, based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The application of the Law of Conservation of Mass means that the mass of products in a chemical reaction will equal the mass of the reactants, and this is consistent with the r esults of the first experiment. Part 2 Several qualitative observations determined that a chemical reaction took place – the product bubbled, and a gas was produced. The chemical equation for this reaction is CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2. Put into a word equation, the equation would be acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide being a gas. Because a gas is present on the product side of the equation but not on the reactant side, the gas has been produced, which is evidence of a chemical reaction. Weighing the reactants and products showed that the combined mass of the reactants was 15. 30 grams. The combined mass of the products was 14. 8 grams, weighing slightly less than the reactants. This result was expected, because it is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Although the product weighed on the scale showed a slightly lower mass, this was because the carbon dioxide was a gas, and was not accounted for on the scale. To achieve better results and gain an accurate measurement of the products’ combined mass, it would be necessary to capture the gas and weigh it as well. Pa rt 3: Extension For the chemical reaction AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, the total molecular mass of the reactants would be 228. grams – silver nitrate (AgNO3) would have a mass of 169. 9 grams, and sodium chloride (NaCl) would have a mass of 58. 5 grams. Based on the experiments performed in the lab, and the Law of Conservation of Mass, it is expected that the mass of the products would be 228. 4 grams as well. This prediction can be proved by finding the molecular mass of the reactions products – multiply the mass number of each atom by the number of said atom, and add the amounts to determine the total mass of sodium nitrate and silver chloride, the products. Conclusion Using qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was determined that reactions took place in each portion of the lab – the first between potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate; the second between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. In each section, the reactions were evidenced by several qualitative observations. When potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were combined, a change of colour occurred in the reactant and a precipitate was formed. This is evidence of a chemical change. When acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were combined, a gas was produced; also evidence of a chemical reaction. In the experiments, the Law of Conservation of Mass was discovered. The quantitative evidence in each section proved this law. In the first experiment, the mass of the products was equal to the mass of the reaction, indicating that matter was not created or destroyed in the reaction. The results of the second reaction showed a decrease in the mass of the product – however, this was only because the gas formed in the reaction could not be weighed. Application Much of the ease of our current lifestyle is due to the availability of fresh air, pure water and access to resources – all of which are almost entirely taken from the environment. When fossil fuels like coal and oil are mined and utilize, the result is a huge negative impact on the many aspects of the environment, and as a direct consequence, our lifestyles. Coal and oil have to be extracted from deep under the earth, transported, and burned. At each stage of this process, greenhouse gases – i. e. , carbon dioxide – are produced. Burning is especially bad for the environment; when burned, fossil fuels like coal and oil release mass amounts of carbon, which then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. References University of Washington. Chemical Reactions – an Introduction. http://depts. washington. edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem110A_aut01/notes_Week_5. pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Science Daily. Science Reference – Chemical Compound. http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/c/chemical_compound. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). American University. Oil Production and Environmental Damage. http://www1. american. edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Chem Professor. Reactants and Products. http://www. chemprofessor. com/outline7b. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). How to cite The Properties of Chemical Reactions, Papers

The English and Russian Idea of Good Manners free essay sample

Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Prove your point of view. Good manners are important across the globe, but that doesnt mean they are the same all over the world. The rules of politeness vary greatly all over the world, from country to country everywhere. Once we read the article about Marta Ingram, who was English and her Russian husband, Alexander. When she first met Alexander and he said to her, in Russian, Naley mne tchai — pour me some tea. She got angry and answered, Pour it yourself. Translated into English, without a Could you?.. and a please, it sounded really rude to her. But in Russian it was fine — you dont have to add any polite words. However, when she took Alexander home to meet her parents in the UK, she had to give him an intensive course in â€Å"pleases† and â€Å"thank yous† (which he thought was completely unnecessary), and to teach him to say sorry even if someone else steps on his foot, and to smile, smile, smile. We will write a custom essay sample on The English and Russian Idea of Good Manners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another thing which Alexander just couldnt understand was why people said things like, Would you mind passing me the salt, please? He said, Its only the salt, for goodness sake! What do you say if you want a real favour? He watched in amazement when at a dinner party in England they had to eat some really disgusting food and she said, Mmm delicious. In Russia people are much more direct. The first time Alexanders mother came to their house for dinner in Moscow, she told Marta that her soup needed some flavouring. After that when they argued about it Alexander said, Do you prefer your guest to lie? Alexander complained that in England he felt like a village idiot, because in Russia if you smile all the time people think that you are mad. In fact, this is exactly what her husbands friends thought of her the first time she went to Russia because she smiled at everyone, and translated every please and thank you from English into Russian. At home they now have an agreement, if they are speaking Russian, they can say Pour me some tea. But when they are speaking English he has to add a please, a thank you, and a smile.

International Management Essay Essays

International Management Essay Essays International Management Essay Essay International Management Essay Essay Executive Summary This written instance analysis study is prepared for the analysis of the instance survey of the Tata Group – â€Å"The Last Rajah: Ratan Tata and Tata’s Global Expansion. † ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . It will foremost get down with a brief debut on the Tata Group of India. with the beginning and the secondary ( both short- and long-run ) jobs of this biggest pudding stone in India. to be identified and discussed following. An analysis of the jobs is presented following. followed by the standards of rating. A comprehensive listing of all major executable classs of action are presented before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) are discussed. The following subdivision will cover the justifications of recommendations followed by the execution. control and follow up. 1. Introduction The Tata Group. India’s biggest pudding stone ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . was founded by 29-years old Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1868. It was foremost established as a trading company in Bombay and started open uping concerns in sectors such as steel. energy. fabrics and cordial reception ( Tata Group 2012 ) . In 1904. Sir Dorab Tata. the senior of Jamsetji’s two boies. succeeded Tata Group in Germany after Jamsetji passed on. Ratan Tata succeeded as the president. following the decease of his uncle – J. R. D. Tata. in 1993 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . Today. the Tata group consists of more than 100 runing companies in seven concern sectors ( Refer to Appendix 1 ) with operations in more than 80 states across six continents. exporting merchandises and services to 85 states. The latest fiscal figures reflected on its web site showed that the entire gross of Tata Group was US $ 83. 3 billion ( around Rs 3. 796. 75 billion ) in 2010-11. an addition of 18. 8 % from 2009-10 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . With its devotedness to strong values and first-class concern moralss. the Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 old ages. Each Tata company or endeavor operates independently and is answerable to its ain board of managers and stockholders. Traveling frontward. new engineerings and invention will be Tata Group’s focal point. in order to develop its concern in India and internationally. Anchored in India with its traditional values and strong moralss. Tata companies are constructing transnational concerns that will accomplish growing through excellence and invention. while equilibrating the involvements of stockholders. employees and civil society ( Tata Group 2012 ) . 2. Beginning Problems With its broad variegation of concern across six continents. Tata faces several challenges. The first job is to construct a consistent vision while being in many different markets and industries. Another challenge is to explicate schemes for over 100 companies in more than 80 states.Besides this. another job of Tata Group is the high engagement of Ratan Tata. who is the main steward of the group of nine senior executives sitting on the boards of the Tata companies. in both the dialogues of major trades and the inside informations of his auto-making. telecom or steel concerns ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . The following challenge for Tata is on how to absorb the fighting Corus Millss. Other challenges for the future include make up ones minding on which concerns to by-product and which to prosecute. what will go on to the pudding stone during an economic system slow-down. The most challenge issue for Tata Group possibly would be to make full the nothingness left behind by the energetic an d airy Mr Ratan Tata – Chairman of the Tata Group. when he retire ( Koontz and Weihrich 2010 ) . 3. Secondary Problems 3. 1 Long term3. 1. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsFrom the instance survey. it is apparent that a major job for Tata Group is its variegation of its investings and concerns over so many different states. The group is subjected necessarily to the different market state of affairss and the civilization of each single market. 3. 1. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssAnother long-run job for Tata Group is whether they should go on runing the fighting Corus Millss. As mentioned in the article. the minute Tata Steel took over Corus. it is loaded with a $ 7. 4 billion debt and the high operational cost of Corus weakens the net income borders of Tata Steel ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . 3. 1. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down Should there be an economic system slow-down. the ability of Tat Group to prolong its concerns versus their ability to prolong the societal responsible civilization. which is developed by Ratan’s ascendants ( Griffin and Moorhead 2010 ) . remains a challenge for Tata Group. The Rata pudding stone will hold to make up ones mind between prolonging its concerns and carry throughing this civilization. This will be particularly tough with a $ 7. 4 billion debt already on its books. 3. 1. 4 Management control in Tata GroupAs mentioned in the article. Mr Ratan is the main steward. of his squad of nine senior executives in the Group Corporate Office. who negotiates major trades himself and immerses himself in the inside informations of his concerns. Ratan Tata is besides the major determination shaper in most of Tata Group’s major trades. At the clip when the article was written. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement. The fact that Mr Ratan Tata is individual and childless ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) therefore poses the toughest challenge of who is to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 4. Analysis 4. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsThis long term job will turn out to be an obstruction towards its planetary enlargement and the development of the company to its full potency. as there is no 1 common group scheme with a common aim. The deficiency of a common corporate scheme may move as a keeping force ( Singh 2012 ; mention to Appendix 2 ) against traveling Tata Group to its coveted place in the planetary market and besides against accomplishing overall productiveness of the organisation. 4. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssA first expression at this job of the Tata Group would evidently be to stop the operation of Corus Millss. However. one of the strengths and competitory advantage that Tata Group has over its rivals. is backward integrating ( Hill and Jones 2011 ) like what Hill and Jones ( 2011. 180 ) described – steel companies providing its Fe ore demands from company-owned Fe ore mines. Having its ain abundant coal and Fe ore militias enables Tata Group to bring forth natural steel at low cost in India. and transport it to Corus’ first-class Millss overseas to bring forth steel merchandises. Furthermore. by looking at the fiscal information provided in the instance survey. Tata Motors was the least profitableness concern in 2007 for Tata Group. With the acquisition of Corus Millss and Tata’s competitory advantage of backward integrating. Tata Group can do usage of Tata Steel and Corus Millss to bring forth low cost steel auto parts in order to cut down the cost of gross revenues for Tata Motors. The gross net income borders for Tata Motors can be increased with the cost of gross revenues reduced ( Needles. Powers. and Crosson. 2010 ) . 4. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down When there is an economic system slow-down. it will subject Tata Group’s determination on prolonging its concern or still keep its expensive corporate societal duty. to a great trial. A fast and immediate solution. during an economic system down-turn will be to cut down the parts for charitable causes. such as cut downing or ending the one-year $ 40 million part for charitable Acts of the Apostless in Jamshedpur. in order to prolong its concerns. However. Tata Group will hold to see about the long-run deductions of such drastic immediate decrease or expiration of charitable financess. The repute of Tata Group may have a whipping in the long tally. due to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . should such steps are implemented drastically and instantly. in order to prolong its concerns. 4. 4 Management control in Tata GroupFrom the description of the article. the direction manner of Tata Group seemed to follow an ethnocentric strategic sensitivity and an organisational civilization of â€Å"family culture† . A cultural strategic sensitivity refers to the peculiar manner which most multi-national companies ( MNCs ) have towards making things ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . A MNC with an ethnocentric sensitivity will usually depend on the values. and involvements of the parent company in formulating and implementing a strategic program. Their primary accent is on profitableness and the company will seek to run its abroad operations in line with how they are run back at place ( Loke 2008 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . Tata Group is likened to be run with an ethnocentric sensitivity as Mr Ratan Tata is the main dealmaker who is closely involved in all major trades dialogues and besides inside informations of his different concerns. This sensitivity will necessarily ensue in parochialism in Mr Tata. which may impact his logical strategic thought. Tata Group has adopted a â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. â€Å"Family culture† type of organisations besides concentrating on hierarchy. orientation to individuals. leader heads the company like a lovingness parent. the direction besides takes good attention of employees. ensures employees are good treated and bask continued employment ( Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1998 ) . This is clearly reflected in their disbursement of $ 40 million yearly in the company’s place base of Jamshedpur and their first-class employee wage policy of workers still acquiring paid to the full till the age of 60 old ages old and womb-to-tomb wellness attention. even if they retire early. This will ensue in extra disbursals for Tata Group in order to carry through this â€Å"corporate societal responsibility† . Harmonizing to the article. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement at the clip when the article was written. The toughest challenge will be happening a suited campaigner of who is able to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 5. Standards of Evaluation 1. To place and distinguish between the â€Å"Cash cows† and â€Å"Stars† ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) concerns and the â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † and â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. 2. To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus within the following 5 old ages. 3. To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† bit by bit within the following 5 old ages. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. 4. To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages. 6. Alternate schemes A comprehensive listing of all executable schemes will be presented for Tata Group before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) will discussed. 6. 1 Short term ( S ) :Targeted short-run aims to accomplish within the following few months to 1 twelvemonth from the clip of execution. S1To place and group the concerns into â€Å"Cash cows† . â€Å"Stars† . â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † or â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. S2To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain and concentrate on and which concern ( Es ) to neutralize. 6. 2 Long term ( L ) :Targeted long-run aims to accomplish within the following 3 – 5 old ages and beyond. L1To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus Millss within the following 5 old ages by possibly re-looking into refinancing the debt loan with a lower involvement rate. in order to strength their net income borders. This is to change over Corus Millss into a profitable concern unit which will enable Tata Group to go on edifice on its competitory advantage over its rivals. of incorporating backward integrating. with the coaction of Tata Steel and Corus Millss. for Tata Motors. L2To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† of S $ 40 million for Jamshedpur bit by bit – 5 % per twelvemonth in the first four twelvemonth and a concluding 10 % in the 5th twelvemonth. and besides to cut down the employees’ benefits bit by bit. This will enable Tata Group to prolong its concerns better. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. L3To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages and besides to bit by bit alter their ethnocentric sensitivity manner of running the concern and besides their â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. Strategy statement as per Hofer and Schendel’s features: Tata Group’s scheme for the following 3 – 5 old ages is to â€Å"tidy up† it’s widely diversified investings and concerns and work on its competitory advantage of backward integrating ( of having Fe ore mines ) in order to assist its car concern addition net income border. By bit by bit cut downing their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . Tata Group will be able to impart these capital to prolong and spread out its concern globally. By placing a replacement for its president. this will guarantee the sustainability of the Tata concerns and besides to convey Tata Group to the following frontier. 7. Recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers )In order for this concern program for Tata Group to be successful. the schemes presented demands to be both accomplishable and sustainable with an accurate rating of its current resources. nucleus competences and capablenesss. With both short term and long term schemes listed supra and analyzed via the Strategy Feasibility Table listed in Appendix 4. the recommended schemes ( best 3 out of 5 ) are as follows: S1: To place and group the concerns. S2: To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain. which concern ( Es ) to neutralize.L2: To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . 8. Justifications of recommendations After analysing the options schemes via the Strategy Feasibility Table ( Refer to Appendix 4 ) . it was decided that the most executable schemes are S1. S2 and L2 to decide the beginning and secondary jobs above. Schemes S1 and S2 are chosen to outdo decide the variegation of concerns that resulted in the absence of a common group scheme with a common aim for Tata Group. The following scheme for Tata Group to implement is the decrease of their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . This will liberate up more capital for Tata Group to airt them to tout their â€Å"Stars† concerns. The staying two long-run schemes of L1 and L3. with a somewhat higher mark of 15 and 14 severally. in the feasibleness trial. may be considered to be implemented at the same time with lesser precedences. This is because it will non be easy for Tata Group to cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt within a short period of clip and besides non easy for any company to beginning for. identify and name a replacement for its Chairman and to alter the civilization within a short period of clip excessively. The most critical issue now is for Tata Group to carry on the most effectual and efficient schemes. 9. Implementation. Control and Follow-up For any MNCs. e. g. Tata Group. it is non easy to implement concern consolidation like S1 and S2. S1 and S2 described supra will merely be the â€Å"identification† phase to find the type of concern each belongs to. The physical execution of the consolidation has to be executed with utmost cautiousness as consolidation may ensue in employees redundancy. After the consolidation exercising is successfully. the Group Corporate Office ( GCO ) of Tata Group will hold to guarantee that they do non establish monolithic concern variegation programs without careful considerations. The followup on the execution of S1 and S2 will hold to be monitor by the GCO closely with a clear timeline listed out as a usher to forestall any cunctation or holds. As for the execution of scheme L2. Tata Group has to put to death it with cautiousness excessively. It is non be implemented excessively hurriedly to forestall any harm to the company’s image due to any to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . Any other hereafter â€Å"charitable spending† will hold to be discussed and decided more strictly. As stated above under Section 6. 2. L2. the decrease will be done bit by bit over a timeline of 5 old ages and the GCO of Tata Group will hold to adhere closely to this timeline. ( 2. 220 words excepting Executive Summary. headers. sub-headings. in-text commendations. and this sentence. ) 10. Mentions Aswathappa. K. 2010. International Business. 4th erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Tata McGraw Hill. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=Dk4SWsWbbaMC A ; pg=PA332 A ; dq=Strategic+predisposition A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=9nIlT5jIN5GzrAfIhryyCA A ; redir_esc=y # v=onepage A ; q=Strategic % 20predisposition A ; f=false. Change Management Coach. 2012. Change-Management-Coach. com: Force Field Analysis – Kurt Lewin. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language. Davies. Gary. Rosa Chun. Rui Vinhas district attorney Silva. and Stuart Roper. 2003. Corporate Repute and Competitiveness. 1st erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: Taylor A ; Francis Group. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=eU4bVJmmKC4C A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=reputation A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=9j85T4aVCdGrrAeRsYHWBQ A ; ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ # v=onepage A ; q=reputation A ; f=false. Griffin. Ricky W. . and Gregory Moorhead. 2010. Organizational Behavior: Managing Peoples and Organizations. 9th erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=RidV6vh08xMC A ; pg=PA349 A ; dq=Culture+of+Tata+Group A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=Q8QjT_mKCcfPrQef-IiNAg A ; ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ # v=onepage A ; q=Culture % 20of % 20Tata % 20Group A ; f=false. Hill. Charles W. L. . and Gareth R. Jones. 2011. Necessities of Strategic Management. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=VdG243upAqwC A ; pg=PA180 A ; dq=backward+integration+in+strategic+management A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=3NQ3T4PxEsHirAe2vfjVBQ A ; sqi=2 A ; ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=backward % 20integration % 20in % 20strategic % 20management A ; f=false. Hofer. Charles W. . and Dan Schendel. 1982. Strategy Formulation: Analytic Concepts. 8th erectile dysfunction. Eagan. Minnesota. USA: West Pub. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=8VcIfAEACAAJ A ; dq=Strategy+Formulation: +Analytical+Concepts A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=pasjT9_BCIjMrQf0x7GeCA A ; ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA. Johnson. Debra. and Colin Turner. 2010. International Business: Subjects and issues in the modern planetary economic system. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: Taylor A ; Francis Group. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=Dhi7yUtQjegC A ; pg=PA140 A ; dq=Members+of+the+Tata+Group+Corporate+Centre A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=JpE3T8-LMYXRrQfw7fHVBQ A ; ved=0CEoQ6AEwBA # v=onepage A ; q=Members % 20of % 20the % 20Tata % 20Group % 20Corporate % 20Centre A ; f=false. Koontz. Harold. and Heinz Weihrich. 2010. Necessities of Management: An International Perspective. 8th erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Tata McGraw Hill. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=s_wzNWdevJoC A ; pg=PA118 A ; dq=Tata+group A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=QwwlT6vTJsnjrAfosdymCA A ; ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ # v=onepage A ; q=Tata % 20group A ; f=false. Loke. Chee Shong. 2008. International Management. 1st erectile dysfunction. USA: AberdeenUniversity Press Services. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=BpbvbvaMjCwC A ; pg=PA48 A ; dq=ethnocentric+strategic+predisposition A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=hEg5T_uvA43yrQf6hPnVBQ A ; ved=0CFcQ6AEwBg # v=onepage A ; q=ethnocentric % 20strategic % 20predisposition A ; f=false. Luthans. F. . and Jonathan P. Doh. 2009. International Management: Culture. Strategy. and Behavior. 7th erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Luthans. F. . and Jonathon P. Doh. 2012. International Management: Culture. Strategy. and Behavior. 8th erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Acerate leafs. Belverd. Marian Powers. and Susan Crosson. 2010. Financial and Managerial Accounting. 9th erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=xI8pEZIob9UC A ; pg=PA225 A ; dq=reduce+cost+of+sales A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=Dd43T-P7CpG0rAfo24zWBQ A ; ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q=reduce % 20cost % 20of % 20sales A ; f=false. Phadtare. Milind T. 2011. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 1st erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: PHI Learning Private Limited. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=FdtGb2cZTRgC A ; pg=PA145 A ; lpg=PA144 A ; dq=BCG+Model # v=onepage A ; q=BCG % 20Model A ; f=false. QuickMBA. 2010. QuickMBA: Strategy / BCG Matrix. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/ . Singh. Kavita. 2012. Organizational Behavior. 1st erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Pearson Education India. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=DbC0_McBPgIC A ; pg=PA337 A ; dq=force+field+analysis+kurt+lewin A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=KEA7T-jvPIjsrAeRnJmHAQ A ; ved=0CFQQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q=force % 20field % 20analysis % 20kurt % 20lewin A ; f=false. Tata Group. 2012. Tata Group Worldwide. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tata. com/ . The Economic Times. 2011. The Economic Times. Topics. Ratan Tata. Mumbai.India: Bennett. Coleman A ; Co. Ltd. hypertext transfer protocol: //economictimes. indiatimes. com/topic/Ratan-Tata. Trompenaars. Alfons. and Charles Hampden-Turner. 1998. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diverseness in Global Business. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Appendix Appendix 1: The seven concern sectors of the Tata groupThe seven concern sectors of the Tata group:1 ) Communications and information engineering2 ) Technology3 ) Materials4 ) Servicess5 ) Energy6 ) Consumer merchandises7 ) Chemicals( Tata Group 2012 ) Appendix 2: Kurt Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language ( Change Management Coach 2012 ) Appendix 3: The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) Growth Share Matrix Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/( QuickMBA 2010 )

5 Ways to Chart Display Your Family Tree

5 Ways to Chart Display Your Family Tree While tracing your ancestry back as far as possible is fun, its even better when you can present the findings in a handsome family tree chart. From hand-drawn genealogy charts to computer-generated ancestor trees, there are many different ways to chart and display your family history. Create It Yourself If you want to create something personal and your family is fairly small, consider creating your own family tree. You can draw the basic connections in a line-and-box format, or get more creative by embellishing with vines, flowers, etc. You can also display the family in an actual tree format, using the roots for descendants and leaves (or apples) for the ancestors. Cant draw a straight line? Try  a flowchart or diagramming program to create any chart you can imagine. Branch Out With Software While most genealogy software programs offer basic computer-generated family tree charts, you can get even better results by taking advantage of add-on programs. For example,  Legacy Charting Companion  expands the charting capabilities of the Legacy Family Tree program, allowing you to create and print a variety of ancestor, descendant, hourglass, fan and bowtie charts ranging in size from  8.5-by-11-inch  printouts to 9-foot displays.   Use a Chart Printing Service If you want a pretty family tree chart without having to deal with designing and printing, try one of the many Family Tree chart printing services that specialize in printing large family trees in both color and black and white. Some, such as Family Tree Illustration will custom design a chart for you, while others allow you to select from a number of different formats. Some require a family tree file in GEDCOM format, but some work from your own handwritten family tree. Perfect for family reunions and large frames, charts can usually be printed in large format. Pre-Printed Charts Make it Simple From basic pedigree charts to elaborate, rose-covered fan charts, pre-printed genealogy charts make it easy to display your family tree in style. A number of simpler family tree charts are available for free download online.  Other, more elaborate family tree charts are available for purchase from various vendors. Designer Family Trees If youre looking for something a little fancier, innumerable calligraphers and artists can render your family tree on vellum or parchment with hand-drawn letters and elaborate designs. For example, Marie Lynskey charges anywhere from $150 for a simple four-generation family tree lettered on parchment to more than $1500 for an illustrated family tree with numerous generations displayed on vellum. Park City, Utah-based artist Saundra Diehl turns dull family tree charts into a work of art, using watercolor and pen and ink to create a custom watercolor painting of your family tree on aged parchment.

The Role of a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of a Woman - Essay Example ge topic for many countries, especially the developing countries, it is with no doubts that the position that women hold in the society is greatly changing. In particular, the society has opened doors for women to conquer in vast areas while trying to support themselves and their families. Apart from taking care of their families, women now take part in businesses, leadership, and even the political arena. The capacity of a woman to decide whether to stay home with her family or to pursue a career is greatly impacted by what the society requires of them. It is with no doubt that a lot has changed since the earlier days when all decisions on money and careers were solely left for men. Today, educational opportunities are wide open for both sexes, and women are allowed to apply legally for practically any type of job. However, as much as women take up new and bigger roles in the society, they are still expected to take care of their families and homes. Generally, there is a notion that women are able to do it all. In essence, women are taught that they can be able maintain a home, raise a family, have a social life and manage their careers all alone. This results in a condition known as superwoman syndrome since it is theoretical impossible for a woman to do all this and still satisfy every aspect of her life. In fact, studies have shown that women who get help with child care and their housework are able to handle their work responsibilities more easily (Elliott,  47). By not delegating enough duties, women block their own path to career success as this makes their workload unmanageable. In this regard, women ought to choose where to put more emphasis between their families and their work. The society does play a great role in determining the kind of choices women make in terms of career and family duties. Human values and beliefs are based on what the society has put to be right and what it has displayed as wrong. Most of the society voices actually hinder women

Nursing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nursing assignment - Essay Example Diffusivity of a gas is a physical constant that is derived from calculations based on the solubility of the gas in the membrane and the molecular weight of the gas. The area available for diffusion and the thickness of the membrane is anatomy dependent. Thus the exchange of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries is mostly based on the pressure gradient across the alveolar-capillary membrane. The same law applies to the transport of carbon dioxide from the capillaries to the, but carbon dioxide is more soluble than oxygen in the membrane and so diffusion limitation is seldom an issue with carbon dioxide, the elimination of which is dependent heavily on ventilation. (Walley & Russell, 1999). Besides the difference between the partial pressures of the gases in alveoli and the pulmonary capillary bed another important determinant of gas exchange is the relationship between the pulmonary capillary perfusion (Q) and alveolar ventilation (V). A well ventilated alveolus needs to have an equally well perfused capillary, with the ratio V/Q ideally 1. A three compartment model of the lungs helps to understand the perfusion and ventilation relationship. Physiological dead spaces, where exchange of gases does not take place are areas of wasted ventilation, where V/Q is greater than 1. Perfectly matched areas of ventilation and perfusion have V/Q equal to 1. Areas that contribute to venous admixture, which is the mixing of non-oxygenated with oxygenated blood after passing through the lungs, where perfusion has been wasted, in the example of the right to left shunt, V/Q is less than 1. Even in normal lung function, there is a degree of variation in the perfusion and ventilation in different areas of the lung due to gravity, which requires the extra effort in forcing blood supply through the blood vessels above the heart in an erect position. Thus the lower portion of the lobes of the lung is better perfused

Sutton Hoo :: Burial Tradition Traditional Culture Essays

Sutton Hoo Sutton Hoo is an Anglo-Saxon ship burial (also described by some as a grave field) that is located in England in the county of Suffolk. In 1939 a ship was found filled with the war gear and treasure of a Heroic Age English king. This site in which the ship was found is called Sutton Hoo. The ship was found buried in a ditch under a huge mound of earth. Sutton Hoo consists of at least 15 mounds of various sizes. The treasure is believed to have belonged to a king who died somewhere around the year 650. Some of the items found were a sword, shield, a huge gold belt buckle, and other items. The religious belief of the people at that time was that there was an afterlife and that the dead must be buried with all of their possessions so they would be prepared for their next life. That is why there was a need for a very large ship to hold all of the items. The poem Beowulf describes how Scyld, King of the Danes, is buried. Scyld is put onto a ship with his weapons and many treasures, and then the vessel is set off into the sea. This description is similar in detail to the Sutton Hoo ship except for the fact that this ship was buried on land. There was also nobody buried in Sutton Hoo. Because of the new belief in Christianity, the body might have been actually buried separately and Sutton Hoo stood as a sort of memorial or monument for the dead. Sutton Hoo was located on the property of a woman named Mrs. Pretty who wanted to keep the objects for herself. A decision had to be made as to who had the right to the find. It was eventually decided that the items belonged to the woman. Mrs. Pretty died a few years after the find, but she did want the public to be able to enjoy the artifacts and they were given to a British Museum after her death. In all I learned that the Sutton Hoo was a means of respect and tradition among Anglo-Saxon people. This was the people’s way to pay homage for a fallen warrior.

Internship in an Investment Bank Essay

Internship is a system of on-the-job training for white-collar jobs. It is a work related learning experience for individuals who wish to develop hands on work experience in a certain occupational field. Most internship is temporary assignments. As such my intern too was temporary for a period of one month. My association with Goldman Sachs was during my semester vacation. To me internship is to combine theory with practical work experience. As such my intern period was of great help in that sense. Generally the objectives of internships are: * Develop skills in the application of theory to practical work situation. * Aptitude test for a particular career. * Develop and pursue business ethics. * Increase on the sense of responsibility. * Opportunity to understand informal organizational interrelationships. * Enhance employment opportunities * Develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their careers. * Provides inside exposure to the structure, operations and decision process within the organization without a commitment to a permanent employer. Some of the obvious advantages an internship offers include strengthening written and oral skills, helping to make contacts to gain future employment, to enhance and strengthen the intern’s resume. Gain an increased awareness of skills, attributes, personal qualities and values. Guides a student to find out what it is to like to work in a business environment. However duties which aren’t structured either not enough to do or random office work or nothing to do with the supposed internship may result in just a waste of time and valuable resources. Sometimes the intern may not have enough time to learn the nuances of the industry and no proper guide or a mentor to guide the individual through the process. It may also result as a burden financially and mentally. About Goldman Sachs History 1869–1930 Goldman Sachs was founded in New York in 1869 by the German-born Marcus Goldman. The company made a name for itself pioneering the use of commercial paper for entrepreneurs and was invited to join the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 1896. In the early 20th century, On December 4, 1928, it launched the Goldman Sachs Trading Corp. a closed-end fund. 1930–1980 In 1930, Sidney Weinberg assumed the role of senior partner and shifted Goldman’s focus away from trading and towards investment banking. It was Weinberg’s actions that helped to restore some of Goldman’s tarnished reputation. On the back of Weinberg, Goldman was lead advisor on the Ford Motor Company’s IPO in 1956, which at the time was a major coup on Wall Street. Under Weinberg’s reign the firm also started an investment research division and a municipal bond department. It also was at this time that the firm became an early innovator in risk arbitrage. 1980–1999 On November 16, 1981, the firm made a move by acquiring J. Aron & Company, a commodities trading firm which merged with the Fixed Income division to become known as Fixed Income, Currencies, and Commodities. J. Aron was a player in the coffee and gold markets, and the current CEO of Goldman, Lloyd Blankfein, joined the firm as a result of this merger. In 1986, the firm formed Goldman Sachs Asset Management, which manages the majority of its mutual funds and hedge funds today. Since 1999 One of the largest events in the firm’s history was its own IPO in 1999. The decision to go public was one that the partners debated for decades. In the end, Goldman decided to offer a small portion of the company to the public, with some 48% still held by the partnership pool 22% of the company was held by non-partner employees, and 18% was held by retired Goldman partners. Goldman Sachs Overview The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American multinational bulge bracket investment banking and securities firm that engages in global investment banking, securities, investment management, and other financial services primarily with institutional clients. Goldman Sachs was founded in 1869 and is headquartered at 200 West Street in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City, with additional offices in international financial centers. The firm provides mergers and acquisitions advice, underwriting services, asset management, and prime brokerage to its clients, which include corporations, governments and individuals. The firm also engages in market making and private equity deals, and is a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market. It is recognized as one of the most prestigious investment banks in the world. As of 2009, Goldman Sachs employed 31,701 people worldwide.Goldman Sachs is divided into three businesses units: * Investment Banking * Trading and Principal Investments * Asset Management and Securities Services Investment banking Investment banking is divided into two divisions and includes Financial Advisory (mergers and acquisitions, investitures, corporate defense activities, restructuring and spin-offs) and Underwriting (public offerings and private placements of equity, equity-related and debt instruments). Goldman Sachs is one of the leading M&A advisory firms, often topping the league tables in terms of transaction size. The firm gained a reputation as a white knight in the mergers and acquisitions sector by advising clients on how to avoid hostile takeovers, moves generally viewed as unfriendly to shareholders of targeted companies. Goldman Sachs, for a long time during the 1980s, was the only major investment bank with a strict policy against helping to initiate a hostile takeover, which increased the firm’s reputation immensely among sitting management teams at the time. The investment banking segment accounts for around 17 percent of Goldman Sachs’ revenues. The firm has been involved in brokering deals to privatize major highways by selling them to foreign investors, in addition to advising state and local governments – including Indiana, Texas, and Chicago – on privatization projects. Trading and principal investments Trading and Principal Investments is the largest of the three segments, and is the company’s profit center. The segment is divided into four divisions and includes: * Fixed Income – The trading of interest rate and credit products, mortgage-backed securities, insurance-linked securities and structured and derivative products * Currency and Commodities – The trading of currencies and commodities * Equities – The trading of equities, equity derivatives, structured products, options, and futures contracts * Principal Investments – merchant banking investments and funds This segment consists of the revenues and profit gained from the Bank’s trading activities, both on behalf of its clients known as flow trading and for its own account known as proprietary trading. Most trading done by Goldman is not speculative, but rather an attempt to profit from bid-ask spreads in the process of acting as a market maker. On average, around 68 percent of Goldma n’s revenues and profits are derived from trading. Asset Management and Securities Services As the name suggests, the firm’s Asset Management and Securities Services segment is divided into two components: Asset Management and Securities Services. The Asset Management division provides investment advisory and financial planning services and offers investment products (primarily through separately managed accounts and commingled vehicles) across all major asset classes to a diverse group of institutions and individuals worldwide. The unit primarily generates revenues in the form of management and incentive fees. The Securities Services division provides clearing, financing, custody, securities lending, and reporting services to institutional clients, including hedge funds, mutual funds, and pension funds. The division generates revenues primarily in the form of interest rate spreads or fees. About Operations Division Operations is at the core of Goldman Sachs. For every trade agreed, every new product launched or market entered, every transaction completed, it is Operations that enables business to flow. Operations is a dynamic, multi-faceted division that partners with all areas of the firm to deliver banking, sales and trading and asset management capabilities to clients around the world. In addition, Operations provides essential risk management and control, preserving and enhancing the firm’s assets and its reputation. The Operations division represents approximately 14% of the firm, with more than 4,500 employees across the globe. Operations spans across all product lines and markets where business is conducted. Each area of business offers diverse opportunities that leverage a common core skill set. While there may be a group that interests you, it is not necessary to identify the group you would like to join when applying. †¢Clearing Operations provides clearing, execution and custody services for all major trading products across 75 exchanges. Our goal is to deliver superior client service, broad product offering and scalable technology to our global client base and franchise trading businesses, while minimizing operational risk. Our clients include hedge funds, asset managers, governments, corporates, broker dealers, Goldman Sachs franchise traders, other professional investors and market markers. †¢Derivatives Operations is responsible for ensuring efficient and accurate transaction processing across a broad range of products. Generally, the products supported are complex instruments that require close alignment with the business. A key focus for the organization is establishing strong risk management procedures and controls to ensure the firm and our clients are properly protected. Derivatives Operations is at the forefront of shaping and driving change in the industry with the ultimate aim of delivering greater accuracy, control and efficiency for our clients and our business. †¢Investment Management Operations delivers asset management and wealth management capabilities to clients around the world. We are a multi-faceted group that partners with all areas of the Investment Management Division to support evolving markets and business requirements. Alongside that vital service delivery role, Investment Management Operations provides essential risk management and control. †¢Liquidity & Collateral Operations (LCO) manages the operational elements for daily funding and liquidity of the firm, oversees the firm’s payment strategy and overall cash flows and positions, and also performs key functions related to counterparty risk management, client transparency, and product and pricing data. In addition to the traditional line functions, LCO is home to Operations Technology Strategy and Reference Data Strategy, both of which focus on strategic process and technology solutions for the division and often the broader firm. †¢Regulatory & Tax Operations is responsible for over 500 non-financial reporting and monitoring functions to over 400 regulators and exchanges. The group enhances the firm’s regulatory and tax transaction and position data and operational controls and develops best practices and standards for processing, infrastructure, and change management. The group aims to leverage expertise consistently across regions and entities in order to demonstrate supervision to regulators and provide efficiency, data accuracy, and transparency around controls. †¢Risk & Control Operations supports the firm by ensuring the integrity of books and records, assessing regulatory requirements, and interfacing with regulators frequently. In addition, the group provides the firm with critical control indicators that assess economic, regulatory, and operational risks, while providing oversight of the Operations Division Risk Framework. †¢Securities Operations supports the Securities, Investment Management and Investment Banking Divisions of the firm. This group manages key relationships for the bank and infrastructure providers, on boarding of institutional and prime brokerage clients, and assists in the coordination of issuance of new financial product. Work Done and Experience I did my summer internship in the Operations Division of Goldman Sachs. My project was primarily based on corporate card reconciliation process. Being an intern to the office, there was a lot to be learnt and a lot more to be implemented, but the people at GS were really accommodating and willing to give the interns the required space and time. Goldman Sachs has, a completely flat organizational structure and everyone is very helpful and you can reach out to almost anyone and he/she will be more than willing to help. The Program is very efficiently carried out and there’s a lot to learn. The firm has its own In-House University where there are innumerable courses on Financial Markets, Corporate Finance, Investment Banking that we needed to learn from. Everything you do and suggest mostly goes into Production i.e. LIVE so obviously you will be having a hands-on experience on things which are actually going to be implemented. All things said, there is deadline within which the work needs to be done. Goldman Sachs was a good shot to achieve out of this internship – improved Problem Solving, Industrial Exposure, Understanding of Financial Markets. At Goldman Sachs, everyone is encouraged to take on more responsibility and stretch themselves. People are very professional and are always there to help when needed. This makes it a fun place to work even though the nature of work is very challenging.

Personal Marketing Plan Essay - 1552 Words

OBJECTIVES Combining business school education, professional/personal development training, self education along with life experiences directed me toward beginning a career as an entrepreneur. Many years have been spent taking classes and exploring various business opportunities. I started my college career as a business major. During that time, I also studied various art mediums to explore creative talents. In my junior year, I decided to combine those strengths and interests into my career path. Now that graduation is closer it is time to formulate and began executing a plan for the next 5 to 10 years of my life. Short Term Goals I have five main short-term goals, which include†¦show more content†¦The first is the great need for small businesses for future economic growth, locally and internationally. There is a tremendous need for small business to keep up with technological advances and environmental changes. Small business can innovate and create new jobs at a faster rate than their larger competitors. Unfortunately, living in times of high crime, recurrent natural disasters and, bad weather conditions all in the mist of being extremely busy due to work and family demands is where I find opportunities to provide a service that is in demand . Owning a small business can be very challenging but with planning and organizing, allotted time will allow for personal interest endeavors such as travel and art. Finally, the threats I have include average competition, which is expected with a low cost high profit margin start up venture. Through research, I have found two companies in the Richmond Virginia area. There are companies on the internet that market home inventory software and not the bells and whistles of technology nor the personalized service aspect of the business like I will offer. But, the homeowner himself can accomplish this task if they choose to invest the time and effort. Another consideration is the rate of expansion, which is lower on average, than other businesses but once again, this business has high profit margins, on average than other businesses. Personal MarketingShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Marketing Plan1298 Words   |  6 PagesBy completing my Social ME marketing plan, I ve developed my personal brand and improved my LinkedIn presence. I ve created a LinkedIn summary that tells who I am, what I ve accomplished, and where I want to go. It shows the unique value I can offer companies. I ve also identified and segmented a target market. My goals, strategies, competitive advantages, and a social media SWOT helped me identify what I need to do to improve my presence and reach my target market. The use of discussion boardsRead MorePersonal Statement : Marketing Plan1523 Words   |  7 PagesBy completing my Social ME marketing plan, I ve developed my personal brand and improved my LinkedIn presence. 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