The Chinese Zodiac Essay Example For Students

The Chinese Zodiac Essay Even in modern society, this kind of marriage still exerts a great influence and in the following paragraphs, a systematic description of this marriage form will be presented. Finding a partner Marriage was for continuing the ancestral line and creation alliances between families -; too important a duty to be left in the rash hands of the young. 3 This quote shows how important a marriage was regarded. The three basic elements of an arranged marriage in ancient China were the parental sanction, the Matchmaking and the betrothal gifts. Generally speaking, society at that time believed that marriages were obtained by the gods and therefore sacred, as a result this life-changing event was handled with utmost care, so much that the typical Chinese wedding ceremony evolved into an complicated sequence of rites and customs. Major considerations in arranging their childrens marriage were not unlike those of modern-day parents. They would consider the age, status, appearance and wealth of their potential sons- or daughters-in-law. Age: this was one of the first consideration points. We will write a custom essay on The Chinese Zodiac specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The couple should be of marriageable age, meaning mature enough to live as husband and wife and the age difference should not be too big. According to The Rites of Zhou ( ) and The Book of Rites ( ), a mans marriageable age ranged from 20 to 30 years, a womans from 15 to 20 or 23 years, by which they would have reached physical and mental maturity, be self-disciplined and independently responsible. It was common for the husband to be three to five years older than his wife, a 10 to 12 year age difference was probably the limit, since a couple which age differences exceeded this, would fall victim to gossip and ridicule. Yet there were exceptions, for example in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In these societies scholars were viewed very highly. A scholar had to prepare for and pass the annual imperial examinations in order to become an official in the emperors court and a career would guarantee ones future in terms of wealth, reputation and authority. Aspiring scholars focused much of their attention on their studies and might have to attend the imperial examinations repeatedly, sidestepping the marriage issue year after year until they succeeded. In this way, scholars were far older than their wives. In the Ming (1368 1644 AD) and Qing (1644 1911) Dynasties it was popular for a wife to be slightly older than her husband, since an older girl was more likely to take better care of her parents-in-law and her husband and to better manage household affairs. Status: by the time of the Zhou Dynasty (1027 221B. C. ) marriages were conducted according to social ranks, especially among the reigning classes. For example, a minister in a powerful country could make a marriage alliance with a noble in a weak country, while a prince in a weak country only could marry a senior officials daughter in a powerful country. Appearance: the couples appearance and talents were important factors in a harmonious marriage. In general, a young woman would focus more on her prospective husbands virtue and talent, while a young man would pay more attention to his prospective wifes appearance. This behaviour can still be seen in the modern time China. Wealth: This was an important point of reference in marriages. Two families united by marriage had to present betrothal gifts which were of similar worth. The bridegrooms family expected a good dowry and the brides family expected similar good betrothal gifts. Yet, not all parents were tyrants when it came to deciding their childrens marriages. Some considered their daughters or sons wishes before asserting their authority. However, there were cases of extreme conservative and obstinate parents, which would take complete control of their offsprings marriages even before their birth. Thus arose two abnormal marriage customs: antenatal betrothals and posthumous marriages. In antenatal betrothals, children were engaged to be married even before they were born, which had many disadvantages, for example one of the children could become seriously ill, very poor or work in a faraway place. .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 , .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .postImageUrl , .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 , .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:hover , .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:visited , .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:active { border:0!important; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:active , .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6 .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb39695c506c1a03da9befe0e5dcb6d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: At a moments thought we might say yes â€Å" yes it is a caring society and yes I do love my neighbour EssayFor the sake of the social stability, the government banned this practice, but were not able to eradicate it entirely. Posthumous Marriages, also marriages with the death or ghost marriages meant that unmarried young man and women were married in the after world by the arrangement of their living parents. If a son died before marriage, his parents arranged a ghost marriage in order to provide him with children to continue the lineage and give him his own family. 4 Miniature house, furniture and money made out of paper were burnt for the dead in the belief that they would be able to enjoy these material possessions just like the living do. In the Ming and Qing dynasties another type of posthumous marriages arose marriages between the dead and the living. For example, if ones betrothed died before the marriage, the living partner still had to marry the one who had died. If it was the woman who died, her groom had to bring her spirit tablet home in a sedan chair and regard her as his lawful wife. Later he could take a concubine, who would never be given the full status of a rightful, but only his second wife. If it was the man dying before the marriage, his bride had to live a life of a widow at the home of her parents-in-law for the rest of her life after the wedding ceremony. As the practice of monogamous arranged marriages became more widespread, parents sought help from relatives and friends to find possible candidates to marry their child and to carry out background checks. Thus matchmaking came into being and became essential in the wedding procedures. The vast majority of Matchmakers were married women, thus leading credibility to their skill in finding a good match for those intending to get married. Until the present day, the custom of matchmaking has persisted. The matchmakers role was just as important as that of the parents in the arranged marriage. As Confucianism attained a dominant position in the social ideology, restrictions on contact between unmarried men and women became stricter. This way, appearance, disposition and proficiency in needlework were unknown to the people outside the family. Matchmakers had contact with many families and therefore knew everything about these families, like social status and relationships, their childrens physical appearance, dispositions and so on. Since marriages were arranged based on considerations of those, a matchmaker was necessary for the parents to learn more about prospective sons- or daughters-in-law. According to The Rites of Zhou ( ), official and private matchmakers existed before the Qin Dynasty. Official matchmakers provided legal recognition of a marriage. Later on, private matchmakers became popular and had the same authority as the official ones. Engagement Traditionally, the matchmaker delivered the proposal from the bridegrooms side with which the discussion about weddings began. Before the Qin Dynasty (221 207 BC) people would offer a wild goose as a gift, as some people regarded those as punctual and honest birds. Others considered them as a symbol of a lasting marriage as they only have one mate throughout their lives. Yet, from the Qin and Han dynasties, the gifts changed. The family would for example send a bouquet of lilies or domesticated ducks or geese instead of a wild goose. If the girls family was satisfied with what the matchmaker presented them, they would accept the gift; otherwise they would politely reject the offer. Once the gift was accepted, the matchmaker would report the news to the bridegrooms family, who then would ask the matchmaker to take another gift to the girls family in exchange for detailed information of the brides family, including the parents family names, the brides name, whether the girl has siblings and her exact time of birth. It was usually written on a piece of red paper. The compatibility of the marrying couple was analyzed with the help of a chart of the couples eight characters. .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 , .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .postImageUrl , .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 , .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:hover , .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:visited , .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:active { border:0!important; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:active , .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279 .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6e4e2d27a5b6356b3cd70f3563bf279:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Roman Laws EssayFortune-tellers played an important role in this, as they could determine a persons eight characters based on astrological calculations. The families of the couple who intended to get married would take the detailed birth information about the prospective couple to the fortune teller to see if their eight characters were in harmony. If their birth information matched properly, it meant that they would have good luck in their marriage; otherwise the pairing would be unsuitable and would bring harm to the couple and their families. The compatibility of the Chinese Zodiac Signs of the couple also was important. There were many superstitious beliefs based on Chinese zodiac compatibility, for example, in the northern part of China, a girl born in the year of the goat was considered harmful, because she could bring an early death to her husband. In order to get a good match, the families of those girls would disguise the information. The taboos revolving around the compatibility varied. For instance, in some places, a person born in the year of the snake should not be married to a person born in the year of a dragon, because both are aggressive animals. After the parents had compared the couples birth information, the pre-wedding procedures could go ahead if the results were good. The bridegrooms family would inform the brides family about the good result of the comparison and ask them to fix the time of the wedding. The parents on both sides arranged meetings in order to exchange more information on the couple and to get to know each other. No matter when or where they met, the Matchmaker would stay with them and introduce the two sides. After the brides parents agreed to the marriage, the bridegrooms side would offer betrothal gifts.

Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essays

Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essays Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essay Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essay Florida Tech University  Online MBA Program has been educating prominent business executives, astronauts and decorated U.S. generals for over fifty years. With our internationally recognized team of  committed  faculty, a commitment to academic excellence and our alumni who keep the Florida Tech University tradition alive through our outstanding achievements. Earning a degree demands a significant time commitment on your part. You want to be absolutely sure that all your hard work will pay off with a degree that’s not only recognized but also respected.  Florida Tech University is nationally accredited.  Which  means you can be confident that the university has been judged  Ã‚  evaluated to consistently meet the high quality standards. Not only will potential employers recognize your degree from Florida Tech University, but many other regionally accredited institutions will recognize your credentials as well. Florida Tech University has perfected our video based E learning system with all the benefits of a traditional   on campus classroom environment. You will be immersed in an online environment that lets you study at your pace and your convenience while working around around your busy schedule. Click the Banner below for the Official:   : Florida Tech University Online MBA Program no GMAT USC Social Work  Online MBA Program no GMAT  with a time honored reputation for educational excellence, the research funding and  diversity, the University of Southern California’s School of Social Work prepares its students for major leadership roles in both the public and private sectors and organizations that serve our nation, its families and our communities in need. A true pioneer in the state of the art programs of our online study, the Southern California’s School of Social Work is one of the highest ranked schools of social work in Southern California and is among the top 10 in the country. The USC online  Virtual Academia Center is state of the art and offers its students the opportunity to learn and earn a Master of Social Work degree with no relocating and is specially designed to guide social workers with the extensive knowledge and hands on skills to make a real difference in our  country  while improving the lives of our population. Click the Banner below for the Official: USC School of Social Work Online MBA Program no GMAT Vermont Law School  Online MBA Program no GMAT  is truly committed to making a very significant impact in the community and the world. Our primary goal is to groom graduates who steward our normal systems and work at the intersection of the law, economics,  politics, science, and ethics. From our students, faculty, and staff the character of this university is engaged and collaborative while at the same time motivated yet ethical, sophisticated,  intelligent and caring. As a Vermont law student you will experience a high-tech, online educational environment, interacting with and learning from our expert faculty hand picked from the world’s leading environmental teachers, legal scholars, and practitioners. Throughout your rigorous curriculum, you will find yourself focused on understanding the many complexities of   true environmental law policymaking, and the legalities that guide our ever expanding environmental advocacy. Vermont Law School’s law program has always been at the very forefront of the field since the late 1970s and has also been  ranked number one by  U.S. News numerous  times since the early 199os. It still holds the distinction of being the only program available on line and is still offered from the top environmental law schools in the United Sates. We believe that our environment is the most precious resource we have. In  todays  day an age when our world is under tremendous strain, there is an ever emerging need for passionate people who can devote their careers to protecting mother earth. Our beautiful planet needs true champions who can transform laws and policy across the globe; people who will stand up and fight the influence of change through the advocacy, policy transformation and of most of all action. Vermont Law School has  two online degree options  that will give you with the expertise you need to address the ever increasingly complex nature of the environmental issues we face on an ongoing basis as a society. Click the Banner below for the Official: Vermont Law School Online MBA Program no GMAT University of San Francisco  Online MBA Program no GMAT  was founded way back in 1855, the University of San Francisco has had a longstanding tradition of true academic excellence. The University of San Francisco is accredited and was unconditionally affirmed for the maximum 7 years during its most recent university review. University of San Francisco was first accredited in 1950 so our long stand commitment to academic excellence speaks for itself. The University of San Francisco School of Business and Management is also accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) the leading accrediting body for business schools in the USA.  The University of San Francisco offers online and in demand programs that enable you to gain many new valuable skills and credentials all online, at your convenience so you can still meet your obligations to work and family. You will also  enhance your expertise with the most effective business management tools and techniques available. Whether you need to implement and process many improvements or gradually evolve your organization into a process based institution, the University of San Francisco’s Master Certificate in Business Process Management gives you the tools you need to succeed. Every online course gives you the tools you need to tap into the knowledge and experience of our leading business management experts in the nation. In as little as eight weeks, you will gain critical skills that you can apply immediately in the real world, on the job and a valuable credentials that will serve as a significant milestone as you complete each of our courses. Click the Banner below for the Official:   University of San Francisco Online MBA Program no GMAT Stay tuned for our next list of the top non GMAT programs in the country as well as some of the best or most affordable places to get your GMAT if thats the direction you want to head.

Gender Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Dynamics - Essay Example The difference of sex and gender implies a great deal today as social reforms have transformed the world since the rule of the masculine species to a more restrained co-existing living with the feminine species. Just to draw a clear line between the two, sex refers to the biological characteristics distinguishing male and female. Sexual definition of the male and female species is characterized by their differences in the physical aspects such as chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, reproductive systems, and other physiological components. On the other hand, gender refers to the social, cultural, and psychological traits linked to males and females through particular social contexts. Therefore, sex makes people male or female while gender makes people masculine or feminine. Sex is an attributed status because a person is born with it, but gender is an acquired status because it is a learned behavior through a person’s interaction with society and culture (Lindsey 4). Citing the dif ference between sex and gender did not totally entail gender equality and societal restructuring but has largely contributed especially in behalf of the female species and all the feminists who work for the value of women in the society such as equality in all terms with men which have moved many people all over the world, not just females but as well as feminists males who believe in justice between both genders. From all the years that gender roles issues have gone through, modern day gender dynamics is an outcome of years of reforms and challenges in bringing gender equality in all aspects of the society. Despite all these changes, a question in mind still possess a degree of doubt of whether if the world has totally evolved into a society of equal co-existence and gender dynamics. Within the chapter are some readings that fall under this category. One of the readings, authored by Phyllis Chesler, talks about how gender dynamics are still biased in the modern society where everyb ody seems to be enjoying freedom and feminism seem to fail on this concept. Within the essay Chesler (231) defined the victors and pitfalls of feminism that lead to the modern day gender dynamics. According to Chesler (229), today is the time when woman can and must make a difference. Truly the world presently has well known feminine leaders, professionals, scientists, researchers, etc. that contributes as much if not more than the male counterpart. Feminism had ended gender biased injustices such as violence against women, rape, many forms of oppression and neglect directed to women and has paved way for equality in education, healthcare and workforce (Chesler 230). Today the world has more literate, productive and empowering women contributing to better outcome in economy, education and healthcare which is far from the traditional woman of the dark past who were stripped off the rights to power, to education, to freedom of choice and the right to property just assuming a secondary caring role behind the strength of a man (Chesler 230). Despite the remarkable changes gender roles leaped over the years still women are encouraged not to rest among these victories. Chesler (231) notes that gender inequality still exists in other parts of the world and the contemporary thinking has led feminism into passivity. The modern feminists are focused on sexual rights and issues of women that the movement for more significant changes for societal benefit lies behind. Today, though women can go for a man’s work same wage level is not assured. The society should be penetrated with equal gender dynamics to provide equality in all a

Business process management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business process management - Essay Example A charter can be used for understanding. Like any appropriate contract, the charter should specify all details including dates, costs , and clears statement of expected finding and implications. Six sigma teams focus on the target market and means of satisfying them. The emphasis on the customers is its most attractive feature. It is always good for a project team to begin by focusing on their services and product quality in order to satisfy their customers.The Six Sigma approach to process definition is summed up in the acronym SIPOC, which emphasizes Supplier, Input, Process, Output, and Customer ( Harmon). Next step is â€Å"Measure†. During this phase relevant data is collected and analysed. It ]involves measurement of important aspects of the current process and so forth( Understanding The six Sigma methodology,sixsigma.net). George Eckes, suggests three measurement principles: measure only what is important to the customer, only measure process outputs that you can impro ve, don’t measure an output for which you have no history of customer dissatisfaction. There are three things that every Six Sigma team should follow to determine the measurement of the process effectively and efficiently.

Agency Structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Agency Structure - Research Paper Example The agency oversees the public lands and minerals. It is accountable for about 264 million acres of the American lands. In the federal administration structure, the agency falls under the Department of Interior, the body entrusted with the supervision and protection federal lands and issues concerning to American citizens. The BLM is an executive department agency with the cabinet secretary accountable for the Interior department monitoring activities of the agency. The Bureau of Land Management budget request jurisdiction lies with the subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (NARA, 2011). In functional classification of the federal government, the BLM agency’s activities fall under the Natural Resource and Environment section. The section has a responsibility of developing, administering and maintaining the country’s natural resources and surroundings. In this category, the BLM agency lies under the sub-function Conservation and Land management. This agency has a role of managing, building and establishing water and associated resources in the American lands. In the federal structure, the agency falls under the executive arm of the government. The agency is coordinated by the Department of Interior. The Interior cabinet secretary has a direct control over the agency’s activities (Welch, 2010). The U.S government directly funds the agencies’ activities. Bureau of Reclamation is an executive agency. The agency has four main centers, the lower Colorado center, the mid-Pacific center, the Northwest and Upper Colorado region. In the functional classification of the federal government, the Bureau of Reclamation activities falls under the Natural Resource and Environment clause. Within the Natural Resource and Environment section, the Bureau of Reclamation agency lies under the sub-function water resources. The Agency’s fund is utilized in constructing dams, canals and in establishing power stations ( NARA, 20 11). Presently, the

Strategic Human Resources Management of Sony

Strategic Human Resources Management of Sony Introduction In a growing economy and technology on their progress, many companies have benefited from the opportunities offered by science.  Given the continued growth of technology companies have the means to continue the success of competitive products and services available.  One particular company that has been fully adopted by Sony this feature.  This company was very successful, but because his way of thinking strategically and incredible talent to use every ounce of new technologies can be used.  But using e-commerce or e-commerce Sony has skyrocketed. Sony is a manufacturer of audio, video, communications and information technology products for consumer and professional markets. Background of Sony Japans Sony Corporation (Sony) Final parent company isSony.  The company is mainly focused on electronics, such as audiovisual and information technology and components; game, such as PlayStation, entertainment such as motion pictures and music, and financial services such as insurance and banking.  It has five segments: electronics, games, photos, and other financial services.  Sony makes this one of the largest and most diverse entertainment worldwide.  In the Electronics segment develops, designs, manufactures and sells various types of electronic equipment, tools and devices for consumer and professional markets.  During the rally, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. develops manufactures, markets and distributes PlayStation Portable (PSP), PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 computer entertainment system. Vision, Mission and Values Business mission is a summary of key policies for the company to achieve its objectives, and explains the key that every effort should be employed.  Tend a few words or short phrases, but also long term is more than one page. Objectives For this vision to be realized, Sony aims to strengthen the core electronic business application of information technology in the design, manufacture, distribution and sale. It is believed that the value of Sony Music, photos, games and financial services industry as they become available through the network.  So, Sony has now launched a sub-network enabled products in four categories: digital TVs and set-top boxes, home VAIO PC, PlayStation 2 and mobile devices. Sony make. Believe Sony make. Believe (dot It), a new message to another group of origin indicated by Sony in electronics, games, movies, music, web services and mobile phones. Make. Believe Sony is to introduce a spirit of creativity innovation, marking the first time, the company has unified brand message that is both entertainment and electronics. TASK1 What is human resource management? Each organization has three basic components that target people and structure.  A Human Resources Management (HRM) to study the activities of people working in an organization.  HRM is the management of people working in an organization.  It is particularly relevant to the person who can say that people can manage.  Leadership of organizations to their needs and helps the organization resolution.  HRM seeks to how people can be managed within the organization.  He is responsible for hiring people to train to organize the command, the benefits of their work problems and recommend appropriate. Strategic HRM: Where all HR activities (including workplace learning) to help organizations achieve strategic objectives and vision, either directly or indirectly.  This means that for all D activities to be strategic.  So it is important to understand exactly how everything is done (what you offer), which contribute to your organizations mission, vision and strategy.  Otherwise, how can you value your work and how to organize the value of your work?  Please note that this can contribute indirectly.  For example, to improve the quality of working life have a significant impact on profitability by reducing errors and accidents, reduce absenteeism and turnover and increase productivity and improve customer service. basic functions of human resource management Basic functions of HR functions are the same as saying the government by managers plan, organize, manage and control staff.  HR staff and to participate in policies and practices related to persons working for the organization. Human Resources Department meeting the following functions to manage all sizes: Teams (includes planning, recruitment and selection) Human Resources Development (It covers the education and training required by the employee) Benefits (incentives for employees based on performance or policy) health and safety (including issues related to health and safety policy of the individual) The relationship between employee and labor Maintenance Records The importance of strategic human resource management (SHRM) Human Resource Management is to manage the size and normative theory would require coherent set of personnel policies in accordance with organizational strategy to determine the quality of work, commitment and employee performance and organizational effectiveness and competitive advantage.  Sony HRM policy is to manage their employees and to be successful.  Because it considers the variation in different regions.  Sony, for example, encourages their employees to participate in decision-making,  so that the company public meeting in each unit provides opportunities for employees to give their opinion.  And different places in Europe, where appropriate, Sony. Total Number of Employees Sony total number of employee (Sony website) is working, where labor costs involved in these negotiations, in accordance with the law and working conditions.  Sony provides education and skills training for workers in different countries and business sectors.  But there are different training systems in different regions. Kio Morita, founder of Sony Corporation, said there is no magic in the success of Japanese companies most popular and Sony in particular. The secret of success is just the way they treat their employees. Head of Mission of Japan to the manager to develop a healthy relationship with its employees as family resemblance in the company to create the impression that employees and managers share the same fate.  Most successful companies in Japan has succeeded in the sense of common destiny for all employees to create, what the Americans and labor management and shareholders to appeal. When Morita was president of Sony, said new employees and all employees who are lucky enough to find jobs and to decide persona lly if he has spent his lifetime working with Sony. TASK2 Define Human resource planning The concept of human resource planning within the organization is as old as human culture itself.There the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a better workforce planning and new business effectively in the field of human activity.  Applications are reviewed by various people, scientists acceptance and design management.  Definition of human resource planning are listed below-   According to F. William Glueck,   Human resource planning is the process by which management attempts to provide adequate human resources to achieve organization objectives. Business factors   HRM is central coordination and management fundamentals organizations. There internal and external factors affecting various business hiring and training.  Control factors are external factors that have little or organizations, but to better understand these factors, it can better adapt and develop appropriate strategies for managing human resources.  The external environment refers to conditions outside the organization, including potential legal, social and political interests of customers, competitors, unionization, labor market conditions, industry characteristics and national cultures (Susan et al, 1995).  Some internal factors are affecting HRM technology functions, structure, size, organizational strategy and culture. Technological environment is perhaps one of the most astonishing powers that the HRM practices of the company (Zammuto OConnor, 1992) shape.  Technology puts an important role in reducing costs, improving efficiency and customer access to relevant informa tion available to help businesses increase productivity (Kotler et al 2004).   Requirement of sound HR planning JL and RW Gold Decgar a book Management of personnel and recommended to the requirements of effective labor planning and success as:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ planning should contribute to a lot of time.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢, the alternative plan or amendment, if any, should be included     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Planning should be based on need.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Planning should elements of flexibility and elasticity.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ planning to be economics.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Planning should be efficient and effective.   The purpose of the Human resource plan for this species members and staff is to get the right thing at the right time.  Human resource planning is a question of method.  Human resource planning is developed by certain activities in a row.  What steps are described as follows-     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ identify the target     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Gather information     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ provide human resources to implement     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ human resource supply prediction     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ plan and the necessary programs   STGES OF PLANNING a) The purpose of the organization: The purpose of the organization must be established before the introduction of human resource planning.  After determining the purpose of the organization, the Human Resources Director might develop human resources to the organization to achieve this objective.     b) The collection of information: The second phase of human resource planning to gather information.  Cant predict or plan to be better than the data they are based.Human resource planning requires two types of information.  They are     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ -Data from the external environment     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ -Data within the organization     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã…“â€Å"Data from the external environment, external environment information, including information about current conditions and expected changes in      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Economics     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Technology     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Competition     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢Labor     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã…“â€Å"Data organization of data within the organization that contains information about Current conditions and expected changes include in-     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ plans short and long term organizational strategies     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢Prevailing human resources     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢Turnover and mobility     Ã‚  Ã‚  c) HR Demand: In this step, because it determines the resources needed to achieve the goal.  Once planners have the information internally and externally, they can predict the demand for workers.     Ã‚  Ã‚  d) Estimating: The human resources supply: In this stage, planners predict labor supply. Planners forecast internal supply of workers and their skills and availability of different types of people probably promo ability outside the labor market.     Ã‚  Ã‚  e) Plan and the necessary programs: the final stage of human resource planning is to plan specific programs to ensure that our available depending on future demand.Programs include-     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ increase or decrease the size of the labor     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ changing skill mix     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ management succession plan     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ Career Development Plan     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã… ¾Ã‚ ¢ disincentives for early retirement incentives   The desire to achieve objectives through human resources planning is meaningless unless its assessment of the results of the activities of human resource management planning: f) Feedback on the planning process:  If demand and supply projections were as accurate as desired, Feedback is given to improve the forecasting process.  Although these programs are inadequate or inappropriate, you can change them.   HRM model Human resource strategy is generally high.  Human resources strategy will not solve the problem of ownership of HR processes.  The strategy defines the strategic role of human resource initiatives in the organization and within a few years.  Human resources is the best tool for ownership of HR processes to be determined.  It also helps identify gaps in the organizational and human resources skills and competencies of HR.  The model makes the management of human resources to operate smoothly.   What is the purpose of the HRM model?   The result is most of the HRM model clear principles for the design and execution of tasks and responsibilities of human resources and human resources allocated to various projects in human resources unit.  Template definition is not easy, but saves a lot of conflict in the future.  The HR builds stronger and more competitive in the HR organization. TASK3 The purpose of human resource management policies in Sony Since its inception in 1946, Sony should remain at the forefront of technological development, based on what has been done consistently with the new lifestyle.  Sony has new innovative companies to also promote, through an innovative approach to the challenge of national and regional boundaries. Sony values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of communication between management and workers are essential if the management transfer policy for employees and employers to encourage their opinions. Sony puts a high priority on communication between management and individual employees.  Since fiscal 2005,Sony CEO Howard Stringer, the time to visit the Sony world to communicate directly with employees at public meetings and other opportunities for dialogue to create.  contact senior also Sony Group employees by posting on the intranet or e-mail Sony and facilitate information exchange and creating a sense of unity with the Sony Group. Sony aims to create a workplace that respects human rights and equal employment opportunities for people with the best of their abilities.  Because of the diversity of human rights initiatives and businesses, Sony is an important function that every employee at work, and he knew of any problems you can get Sony Corporation Disabled Employees Ratio *4   Staff Development Development and staff development for Sony dynamic engine of growth for Sony.  Sony recognizes that population growth is supported by large asset management. A Sony aims to enhance motivation and personal development of its employees worldwide through learning by doing, as well as access to a variety of programs tailored to local needs, including education of engineers, management training and training to build  capacity and skills of employees. Developing leader If a company does business in countries and regions around the world, Sony recognizes the importance of cultivating leadership qualities, and aims of international respect for different cultures and working environments.  Sony has implemented a series of initiatives to bring the full potential of employees to meet and the next generation of business leaders worldwide to promote. Training programs for employees Sony is organizing various training programs for employees at all levels of graduates from senior managers for each region and industry.  In Japan, Sony Group offers over 300 courses, including technical education and training bodies, different approaches, including group training using e-learning and correspondence courses, in accordance with the objectives.  These courses are supported by approximately 230 front-line employees who have the expertise needed to develop curriculum and textbooks Sony technology in all areas Employee training program by Sony in Japan(www.sony.net) Impact of regulatory requirements on human resources policies in Sony Basic Policy on Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Sony Group Code of Conduct, adopted in May 2003, has sections on human rights and global policy provides rules governing human rights and related activities within the Sony group.  For example, the section provides for the Sony Group Code of Conduct, equal opportunities in employment policy on the recruitment, hiring, training, promoting and otherwise treat applicants and employees without regard to non-race features, including religion, color  , national origin, age, gender and disability.  These provisions are based on existing international standards, including the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Health and safety Sony targets healthy labor market and employment practices and establish a healthy environment, safe working and productive stands. Political and database management system In 1998, Sony has adopted a general policy on health and safety (OH S), which acts as a standard group, reflecting Sonys commitment to the health and safety of its employees.  Simply policy regarding the laws of the countries and regions of OH S, but also with complementary activities undertaken as part of their health and safety management structure. Employee Health Sony Corporation aims to help create jobs in good health.  related activities are focused on providing different health check-up, support and dissemination of information via the intranet an overview of health issues raised.   Work-Life Balance Looking at work is a much more diverse lifestyles and employees to fully express their skills to keep up, Sony has created support systems and flexible work styles, including the importance of the optimal work-life balance stress  . Work and life balance in Sony Source- www.sony.net Flexible work styles Sony does not follow the laws and customs of the countries and regions in which it operates, but also provide working arrangements to help employees to achieve work-life balance effectively. Child care and nursing Sony is offering special holiday savings plan for child care workers to be caring for children and paid leave, which can be used in conjunction with parental leave and offers up to 20 days for employees who leave after birth  .  A significant number of workers who leave.  Sony also offers a System theme and use of paid annual leave on an hour for child care or nursing.   Human Resources Information Technology Three years ago, Sony Electronics has a sharp eye on the HR information system, and not liked what he saw.  Only 18 percent of the 14,000 employees in six locations systematically used HR applications, allowing the human resources department document generation.  Not that the workers do not blame Sony Electronics indifference upgrade to PeopleSoft 5.2 universal platform within five years, turning out new versions and patches new home tend to be a doctor.  In terms of hardware and software, long lived HRIS system utility, said Edward J. Cotter, Sony Electronics vice president of human resources. TASK4 Impact of organizational structure on human resource management The organizational framework clarifies the responsibility of the shares to managers and employees.  Organizational structures can help companies retain employees, while the suibiachtà ºlacht the chain of command, among other benefits.  Staff retention is how the company is focused on maintaining a low staff turnover and more experienced workers to ensure that employees remain with the company. Organizational structures can establish minimum expectations of personal conduct.   Organizational structures often contain companys mission or vision.  This information allows companies to include information on benefits for employees who reach certain goals or the company.  It promotes good behavior and employee retention.  Companies cannot fully sum workers to take compensation as a reward.  Organizational structures can ensure employment growth and development of employees to retain employees for longer periods where they want to learn more about the company and improve their professional skills.   Role of organizational culture in SHRM Corporate culture is an important role in selecting the best candidate.  Candidate sourcing and recruiting and interviewing candidates, to find ways to determine whether someone is suitable for culture.  Organizational culture is often difficult to describe, but if you look at the candidates during the recruitment and selection processes, it is easy enough to see whether they match the work to be filled.     Recruitment   The first step in the recruitment process of the job to ensure that it is necessary to accurately reflect the functions of the job to review.  Building on its work, including a brief description of the business of supplying information on the organizational culture. Interviews   of person-to-face is the best way to decide whether the work history and career goals to send candidates to your organizations needs.  For example, that the applicant work history primarily on the activities carried out independently of the office is the challenge of working for an organization where most projects are achieved through teamwork. During the interview, describe as precisely as possible, the work environment.   Choosing the right person   When the shortlist of candidates for those two or three, but here is where one can ensure a true match for the company.  In this phase of the selection a wise decision to candidates based tour company possible.  various personal presentation and interaction and exchanges with employees observe non-verbal. Monitoring and control This is the final step in the planning of the organization human resources.  When the program is approved and implementation has begun, it must be checked.  Human Resources department must follow up to see what happens in terms of available resources.  The idea is to make sure we use all available talent available to us to fail if we continue to fight to the top.   Recommendation Creating a culture of teamwork For teamwork happen, these powerful actions happen. leaders clearly hope that the teamwork and collaboration are expected. Nobody is working space or the process itself.  People who own work processes and location open to ideas and feedback from others on the team. Team teaching model held in their interaction with each other and the rest of the organization. They maintain teamwork even when things go wrong. Members talk about the organization and the value of teamwork culture identification. Ã‚ ®When writing formal and shared values, teamwork is one of the five or six keys. Teamwork and rewards have been identified.  Lone Ranger, even if it is an excellent producer, is rated lower than the person who obtains the results with others in teamwork. Performance management system focuses on teamwork and value. Often 360 degree feedback system is integration. Conclusion Sony plans and strategies reflect different depending on their unique vision and mission.  Strategies, plans and even their threats failures that contributes to the company.  Sony Corporation to take into account not only new technologies, new products and automation, but the environment is healthy. Human resource management is even possible cultural and national differences. Policies should distinguish IHRM organization and integration of all units.  Sony is an example to explain.  Human Resources supports the general conclusion that human resource management for the benefit of employees and human resources activities in accordance with the strategic goals of Sony.  Sony managers held on the need for staff and delegates tasks to assess these good impressions on the leaders and they believe the company delegated authority, which in turn increases job security for frames. Programs for different levels of employees is to create a team spirit among employees and a culture in w hich everyone is entitled to make progress in the promotion.

Teacher Ethics Essay -- moral code ethics ethical educators

Teacher Ethics â€Å"Ethics are defined as a set of principles of right conducts; the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession† ( Dictionary of the Human Language, 2000). Teachers are often put in situations that require more than just knowing the basic school rules. It is within these situations, that the ethical dilemmas occur. There is not always a right way to deal with many daily problems that face educators, but there are ways to handle situations that are better then others. Teachers should follow and refer to a code of ethics to help teach in the most appropriate and ethical way; as well as a guide to help deal with dilemmas. It is important that teachers give children a fair chance to show their knowledge when assessing. â€Å"The purpose of assessment is to provide feedback that can be used to improve student performance† ( Orange 2000). Teachers assess children to ensure that they are understanding the material, and to make sure they are learning. For young children especially tests should never be the only criteria of assessment. Instructors should always make sure that their assessment is fair. When testing a child, make sure that the testing method used is appropriate for that child. For example, if giving a test that relies on visual aids to administer the test it is important that the teacher is certain that all the children have good enough vision to clearly see the aids. When assessing young children in particular it is important to look for more then simply right or wrong. An in depth look is necessary to see what the children really know before giving them a poor grade. Children’s work needs to critiqued in more then one way to be sure that they really do ... ...o put a leash on teachers' pets. Retrieved November 2, 2002 from http://www.mbhs.edu/silverchips/articles/apr2001favoritism.html . Dictionary of the human language. (2000). Retrieved November 5, 2002 from www.dictionary.com. Goodlad, J. I., Sirotnik, K. A., & Soder, R. (1990). The moral dimensions of teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Gushee, M. (1984). Student discipline policies, 12. 5. Retrieved November 4, 2002. ERIC Digest. Hanson K., & Shwartz W. (1992). Equal mathematics education for female students, 78. 4. Retrieved November 4, 2002. ERIC Digest. Isenberg, J. P., & Jalongo, M. R. (2000). Exploring your role: A practitioner’s introduction to early childhood education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Orange, C. (2000). 25 biggest mistakes teachers make and how to avoid them. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press. Teacher Ethics Essay -- moral code ethics ethical educators Teacher Ethics â€Å"Ethics are defined as a set of principles of right conducts; the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession† ( Dictionary of the Human Language, 2000). Teachers are often put in situations that require more than just knowing the basic school rules. It is within these situations, that the ethical dilemmas occur. There is not always a right way to deal with many daily problems that face educators, but there are ways to handle situations that are better then others. Teachers should follow and refer to a code of ethics to help teach in the most appropriate and ethical way; as well as a guide to help deal with dilemmas. It is important that teachers give children a fair chance to show their knowledge when assessing. â€Å"The purpose of assessment is to provide feedback that can be used to improve student performance† ( Orange 2000). Teachers assess children to ensure that they are understanding the material, and to make sure they are learning. For young children especially tests should never be the only criteria of assessment. Instructors should always make sure that their assessment is fair. When testing a child, make sure that the testing method used is appropriate for that child. For example, if giving a test that relies on visual aids to administer the test it is important that the teacher is certain that all the children have good enough vision to clearly see the aids. When assessing young children in particular it is important to look for more then simply right or wrong. An in depth look is necessary to see what the children really know before giving them a poor grade. Children’s work needs to critiqued in more then one way to be sure that they really do ... ...o put a leash on teachers' pets. Retrieved November 2, 2002 from http://www.mbhs.edu/silverchips/articles/apr2001favoritism.html . Dictionary of the human language. (2000). Retrieved November 5, 2002 from www.dictionary.com. Goodlad, J. I., Sirotnik, K. A., & Soder, R. (1990). The moral dimensions of teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Gushee, M. (1984). Student discipline policies, 12. 5. Retrieved November 4, 2002. ERIC Digest. Hanson K., & Shwartz W. (1992). Equal mathematics education for female students, 78. 4. Retrieved November 4, 2002. ERIC Digest. Isenberg, J. P., & Jalongo, M. R. (2000). Exploring your role: A practitioner’s introduction to early childhood education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Orange, C. (2000). 25 biggest mistakes teachers make and how to avoid them. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin Press.

Development of Scince and Technology in India

Since Independence, India has endeavoured to bring economic and social change through science and technology. The effort has been both on upgrading the traditional skills to make them relevant and competitive and developing advanced capabilities in frontier areas of science and technology. The visionaries who led the growth of science and technology (S&T) in India were convinced that S&T could play an important role in transforming India in to a modern, industrialized society. Experience and results show that this confidence was well placed.Science, technology, and innovation are even more relevant today. Scientific knowledge and expertise, innovation, high technology, industrial infrastructure and skilled workforce are the currencies of this new era. Science and Technology are important drivers of economic growth and development in the contemporary world. The present juncture is critical for Indian science and major positive steps in this area will help the country to achieve sustai ned and rapid growth in the future.The Science and Technology Division of the Planning Commission is the nodal division for all matters relating to Science and Technology Plan formulation ( both Five Year Plans and Annual Plans) and appraisal of the S&T programmes of six major S&T agencies/Departments, viz. †¢Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)- R&D Sector †¢Department of Space (DOS) †¢Department of Science and Technology (DST) †¢Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) including the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) †¢Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) The Division has been maintaining a close liaison with these S&T agencies/departments for smooth information flow and provides them important suggestions/inputs in the formulation of various S&T plans and programmes at various stages of plan formulation, implementation and half yearly reviews. The Division has also been providing important input s in the formulation of S&T Policy.In order to promote Science and Technology in the States/UTs, create scientific awareness among the masses through popularization of S&T and technology dissemination for improving the quality of life of the people, the Division undertakes detailed discussions with the representatives of the States/UTs and provides important inputs/suggestions for the formulation of their Five Year Plans and Annual Plans in respect of the Science and Technology Sector. The vital role of science in modern life is not overstated in view of today's world. Science and technology have profoundly influenced the course of human civilization.Science has provided us remarkable insights into the world we live in. The scientific revolutions of the 20th century have led to many technologies, which promise to herald wholly new eras in many fields, As we stand today at the beginning of a new century, we have to ensure fullest use of these developments for the well being of our pe ople. Science and technology have been an integral part of Indian civilisation and culture over the past several millennia. Few are aware that India was the fountainhead of important foundational scientific developments and approaches.These cover many great scientific discoveries and technological achievements in Mathematics, Astronomy, Architecture, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Medicine, Natural Philosophy and other areas. A great deal of this travelled outwards from India. Equally, India also assimilated scientific ideas and techniques from elsewhere, with open-mindedness and a rational attitude, characteristic of a scientific ethos. India's traditions have been founded on the principles of universal harmony, respect for all creations and an integrated holistic approach.This background is likely to provide valuable insights for future scientific advances. During the century prior to independence, there was an awakening of modem science in India through the efforts of a number of outstan ding scientists. They were responsible for great scientific advances of the highest international caliber. Apart from the vast changes it has brought about, the development of a scientific temper in the people is considered important. In the planned economy of a country, science must necessarily play an especially important role.Improvements in techniques evolved as a result of scientific research brings about great increases in production in the different sectors of the economy. National resources are augmented by the substitution of cheap and abundant materials for those in scarce supplies and by finding uses for materials, which have remained un-utilized, prior to independence, very little attention was given to the problem of scientific and industrial research in India. A number of universities and institutes carried out research, mostly on fundamental aspects of science.Certain industries also had their own research organizations. However, industry depended, by and large, on fo reign techniques and did not develop research programmes of its own. A large number of products that had been imported into the country had to be manufactured to meet both civilian and military needs. Indian substitutes had to be found for imported materials and processes had to be developed which would use these materials in place of imported ones. In these circumstances, the Government of India constituted die Board of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1940.The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research was formed in 1942. Since independence there has been a greater emphasis on the provision of additional facilities for the promotion of scientific and industrial research. The most significant development in this sphere has been the establishment of a chain of national laboratories and research institutes in different parts of the country. The establishment of national laboratories and research institutes has a special importance in a country like India where medium and smal l-scale producers contribute a considerable proportion of industrial production.These industries cannot afford to have research facilities of their own, as the larger producers can. Besides these laboratories and research institutes, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has made contributions towards the promotion of fundamental and applied research at a number of institutions and universities. In the half century since independence, India has been committed to the task of promoting the spread of science. The key role of technology as an important element of national development is also well recognized.The Scientific Policy Resolution of 1958 and the Technology Policy Statement of 1983 enunciated the principles on which die growth of science and technology in India has been based over the past several decades. These policies have emphasized self-reliance, as also sustainable and equitable development. Successes in agriculture, health care, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, nuclear energy, astronomy and astrophysics, space technology and applications, defence research, biotechnology, electronics, information technology and oceanography are widely acknowledged.Major national achievements include very significant increase in food production, eradication or control of several diseases and increased life expectancy of our citizens. While these developments have been highly satisfying, one is also aware of die dramatic changes that have taken place, and continue to do so, in die practice of science, in technology development, and their relationships with, and impact on die society. Particularly striking is die rapidity with which science and technology is moving ahead.Science is becoming increasingly inter-and multi-disciplinary, and calls for multi-institutional and, in several cases, multi-country participation. Major experimental facilities, even in several areas of basic research, require very large amount of materials, human and intellectual resources . Science and technology have become so closely intertwined, and so reinforce each other that, to be effective, any policy needs to view them together.The continuing revolutions in die field of information and communication technology have had profound impact on the manner and speed with which scientific information becomes available, and scientific interactions take place. Science and technology have had unprecedented impact on economic growth and social development. Knowledge has become a source of economic might and power. This has led to increased restrictions on sharing of knowledge, to new norms of intellectual property rights, and to global trade and technology control regimes.Scientific and technological developments today also have deep ethical, legal and social implications. There are deep concerns in society about these. The ongoing globalization and the intensely competitive environment have a significant impact on the production and service sectors. Because of all this, our science and technology system has to be infused with new vitality if it is to play a decisive and beneficial role hi advancing the well being of all sections of our society. The nation continues to be firm in its resolve to support science and technology in all its facets.It recognizes its central role in raising the quality of life of the people of the country, particularly of the disadvantaged sections of society, in creating wealth for all, in making India globally competitive, in utilizing natural resources in a sustainable manner, in protecting die environment, and ensuring national security. India has the third largest scientific and technical manpower in the world; 162 universities award 4,000 doctorates and 35,000 post-graduate degrees and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research runs 40 research laboratories that have made some significant achievements.In the field of missile launch technology, India is among the five top nations of the world. Science and Tech nology, however, is used as an effective instrument of growth and change. It is being brought into the mainstream of economic planning in the sectors of agriculture, industry and services. The country's resources are used to derive the maximum output for the benefit of society and improvement in the quality of life. About 85 per cent of the funds for science and technology come directly or indirectly from the Government.The science and technology infrastructure in the country accounts for more than one per cent of the GNP. Science and technology in India is entering a new frontier. The prime objective of India's nuclear energy programme is the development and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as power generation, applications in agriculture, medicine, industry, research and other areas. India is today recognized as one of the countries most advanced in nuclear technology including production of source materials.The country is self-reliant and has mastered the expertis e covering the complete nuclear cycle-from exploration and mining to power generation and waste management. Accelerators and research and power reactors are now designed and built indigenously. The sophisticated variable energy cyclotron at Kolkata and a medium energy heavy ion accelerator ‘pelletron' set up recently at Mumbai are national research facilities in the frontier areas of the science. As part of its programme for peaceful uses of atomic energy, India has also embarked on a program of nuclear power generation.Currently eight nuclear stations are producing 8 billion kilowatts of electricity. Four more nuclear power stations have been planned. The new nuclear reactors have been completely designed in India. The peaceful nuclear programme also includes producing radio-isotopes for use in agriculture, medicine, industry and research. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), under the Department of Space (DOS), is responsible for research, development and operation in space systems in the areas of satellite communications, remote sensing for resource survey, environmental monitoring, meteorological services etc.DOS is also the nodal agency for the Physical Research Laboratorywhich conducts research in the areas of space science, and the National Remote Sensing Agency which deploys modern remote sensing techniques for natural resource surveys and provides operational services to user agencies. India is the only third world country to develop its own remote sensing satellite. India joined a select group of six nations on October 15, 1994, when the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) successfully . accomplished its mission of placing the 800-kg remote sensing satellite, IRS-P2, in the intended orbit.The INSAT series of satellites launched earlier are performing well and provide vital services for telecommunications, television, meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The latest INSAT series will include new features like Kit-band transponders and mobile satellite service, transponders. The remote-sensing satellites, launched in 1988 and 1991, have already become the mainstays of the natural resource management system of the country. The projected launch of advanced remote sensing satellite will not only enhance the scope of their application, but will also offer commercial service to other countries.The most significant milestone of the Indian Space Programme during the year 2005-06 was the successful launch of PSLV-C6. On May 5, 2006, the ninth flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C6) from Satish Dhawan Space centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota successfully placed two satellites-1560 kg CARTOSTAR-1 and 42 kg HAMSAT-into a predetermined polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). The successful launch of INSAT-4A, the heaviest and most powerful Satellite built by India so far, on 22 December 2005 was the other major event of the year 2005-06. INSAT-4A is capable of providing Direct-To-Home (DTH) television bro adcasting services.The Indian space programme entered a new era when ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch vehicle (PSLV)-C7 successfully launched on January 10,2007 four satellites into high polar orbit from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota. The four satellites put into orbit were India's CARTUSAT-2 and space Capsule Recovery Experiment. (SRE-1), Indonesia's LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentina's PEHUENSAT-1. The Indian achievement in the application of space-based remote sensing technology has led a US company to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally.India's progress in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing agreements for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services. India also believes in co-operation in space with agencies all over the world. A high-level UN team selected India for setting up a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education. India is on the threshold of achieving self-reliance in the launch capability. It will be a befitting tribute to the father of the Indian space program, Dr. Vikararn Sarabhai, whose 90th birth anniversary was observed in August 2006.India has been the forerunner among the developing countries in promoting multi-disciplinary activities in the field of biotechnology, recognizing the practically unlimited possibility of their applications in increasing agricultural and industrial production, and in improving human and animal life. The nucleus of research in this area is the National Biotechnology Board, constituted in 1982. A Department of Biotechnology was created in 1986. Recently, the Biotechnology Consortium India Limited was set up. It will play the role of catalyst in bridging the gap between Research and Development, Industrial and Financial Institutions.Some of the new initiatives taken include developing techniques for gene mapping, conservation of biodiversity and bio indicators' research, special biotechnology pr ograms for the benefit of die scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and activities in the area of plantation oops. The areas, which have been receiving attention, are cattle herd improvement through embryo transfer technology, in vitro propagation of disease resistant plant varieties for obtaining higher yields, and development of vaccines for various diseases.Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established in 1942, and is today the premier institution for scientific and industrial research. It has a network of 40 laboratories, two co-operative industrial research institutions and more than 100 extension and field centres. The Council's research programs are directed towards effective utilization of the country's natural resources and development of new processes and products for economic progress. It is now playing a leading role in the fulfillment of the technology missions evolved by the Government.Thus, we see that India has made unprecedented development in the field of scientific research and technology during the post-independence period and this just seems to be the beginning of a road with endless possibilities. All we need is to plan and organize in a way so as to be able to harness our intelligentsia in the right direction and provide it with the right opportunities. Science has been a major force in the development of the modern world. It has had a great impact on industry, commerce and the social life of nations. India is rightly proud of the high international standing of its scientific community.The rapid growth in its heavy industrial sector is one testament to this achievement. Yet at a time when new advances are being made in almost all fields of investigation and practical application, the fact remains that ninety percent of the country lies outside the influence of science, untouched or barely touched by the rapid growth in knowledge and the new technologies that have evolved. This is a country where highly advanced ind ustry lives along side primitive agriculture, but separated by an immense generation gap — a gap in education, prosperity and motivation.The reason for this is that science as it exists here today is not a natural development of nor integrated with the life of the nation. Rather it has been imposed as a superstructure on the social and economic life of the country and has failed to become a dynamic force for widespread social upliftment. Government planners have recognized this gap which divides the nation by a few centuries of progress and we are now seeing the first real attempts to bridge the distance. The problem of development is twofold.It is a task of awakening the sleeping potential of the country and educating it for effective action. It is also a task of adapting and molding the latest discoveries, technologies and life styles imported from the western world into a form and spirit in harmony with India's social and cultural heritage. In the field of science this dua l necessity can easily be seen. It is not enough that we create in the people an interest in modern technology or a willingness to adopt it.It is first essential that the scientific community in India adapt itself to the needs of the country and the people. The pivotal questions are how to involve scientists in evolving technologies relevant to the present needs of the people — which means the rural communities — and how to ensure the application of existing knowledge in the field of agriculture, industry and social life. In the developed countries which passed through the Industrial Revolution, science has come to occupy its present position through successive stages of natural social evolution.Among the conditions responsible for this development were the birth of democracy and political freedom, the spread of education, the rise of critical mental enquiry as a reaction to the dogmatism of Christianity and the vibrant expansion of human society through the opening of world wide commerce. Mind began to revolt against stagnation and religious fanaticism and to actively look for relationships between natural phenomena. Intuition was given scope for expression. This mental awakening took place in the context of an industrial revolution.That is, mental enquiry at once expressed itself through the observation of natural law and the application of this knowledge for devising instruments of social utility. Mind arrogantly proclaimed itself the ruler of man and nature. Pure science and applied technology grew side by side integrated with the society in which they rose through progressive stages of development. The industrial revolution absorbed the great mental energies unleashed by scientific enquiry. IMPORTED SCIENCE During the period of western industrialisation India was, historically speaking, in decline.Her population had learned to live on a subsistence level. The support of religion, culture and spirituality preserved social contentment and trad itional ways. Society lacked the impetus to grow and expand. Science as a social institution and organised way of life came to India only after independence. Here it did not arise naturally out of the existing social conditions but rather came as a decision by the national and government leaders to imitate the developmental achievements of the West.It was not born of a ripened mental climate for creative thought nor from a condition of great commercial activity and expression. In other words, it was imposed as a superstructure on top of the nation without reference to the felt need of the people or the stage of its historical and sociological evolution. AGRICULTURE, CUM INDUSTRIAL CUM SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT Today the scientific community transcends national borders and social customs. It is truly international in outlook, exchange of knowledge, participation of members.A scientist draws inspiration in being recognised by the higher echelons of the international community. To this ex tent the scientist has become insulated from the social atmosphere of the country in which he lives. This is especially true in India where science was never integrated with its social base. The problem facing us is to propose ways and means to accomplish this social integration of scientific knowledge and the community of scientists in India.The development of science in a society occurs under certain social conditions and progresses through certain stages of development. Neither these conditions nor stages can be completely eliminated though they may vary in their make-up and duration. But it is possible to foster the conditions which will accelerate a natural progressive development. For science to be integrated with life, it means that scientific knowledge and technology must be applied in the context of daily life which in India centers around agriculture and to a lesser extent industry and commerce.In fact the tasks of promoting the agricultural and industrial development of t he nation and the application of science to social life are essentially one. The proper atmosphere must be created for a natural development of science in conjunction with agriculture and industry. The linking of these three is the key to national development. VILLAGE BASED SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION When the scientific community turns its attention to advancing rural life, the conditions will be right for a socio-scientific revolution at the village level. Rural life in India means agriculture and agro-based industries.Already agriculture is being modernised through introduction of new hybrid crops, and the growing utilization of fertilizers and chemicals. Rural youth are becoming accustomed to the operation of machinery. More agricultural products are being converted into consumer goods through agro-based industries. But for the rural people to rise above the level of the soil and develop mentally and scientifically, it is necessary to release the dynamism of the village population. Th e real lever of development is the releasing and channeling of the social energies of the people.This can be accomplished when a few individuals in every community are made to see and benefit materially from the application of scientific techniques in their daily life. Once a few have prospered in this manner, whole villages will follow suit. Space science Space activities in the country started during early 1960s with the scientific investigation of upper atmosphere and ionosphere over the magnetic equator that passes over Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram using small sounding rockets Realising the immense potential of space technology for national development, Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, the visionary leader envisioned that this powerful technology could play a meaningful role in national development and solving the problems of common man. Thus, Indian Space programme born in the church beginning, space activities in the country, concentrated on achieving self reliance and developing capabil ity to build and launch communication satellites for television broadcast, telecommunications and meteorological applications; remote sensing satellites for management of natural resources.The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. Accordingly, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources; also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites.The Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian space programme to promote the development and application of space science and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. DOS implements these programmes through, mai nly Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC) and Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL).The Antrix Corporation, established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services Department of Atomic Energy The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was set-up on August 3, 1954 under the direct charge of the Prime Minister through a Presidential Order. The vision of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is to empower India through technology, creation of more wealth and providing better quality of life to its citizen.This is to be achieved by making India energy independent, contributing to provision of sufficient, safe and nutritious food and better health care to our people through development and deployment of nuclear and radiation technologies and their applications. DAE is engaged in the design, construction and operation of nuclear power/research reactors and the supporting nuclear fuel cycle technologies covering exploration, mining and processing of nuclear minerals, production of heavy water, nuclear fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing and nuclear waste management. It is also eveloping advanced technologies that contribute to the national prosperity. The spin-off technologies, human resource developed and technical services being rendered by the Department have been greatly helping the Indian industry. The Department is also developing better crop varieties, techniques for control/eradication of insects thus protecting the crops, radiation based post harvest technologies, radiation based techniques for diagnosis and therapy of disease particularly cancer, technologies for safe drinking water, better environment and robust industry.Main Focus areas of work in DAE are: Increasing share of nuclear power through deployment of indigenous and other proven technologies, along with development of fast breeder reac tors and thorium reactors with associated fuel cycle facilities. 1. Building and operation of research reactors for production of radioisotopes and carrying out radiation technology applications in the field of medicine, agriculture and industry. 2.Developing advanced technologies such as accelerators, lasers, supercomputers, advanced materials and instrumentation, and encouraging transfer of technology to industry. 3. Support to basic research in nuclear energy and related frontier areas of science, interaction with universities and academic institutions, support to research and development projects having a bearing in DAE’s programmes and international co-operation in related advanced areas of research and 4. Contribution to national security.DAE has made the following significant contributions of DAE to the national initiatives: 1. AGRICULTURE: Enhanced production of oilseeds and pulses 2. EDUCATION, HEALTH: i. Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) ii. National Initiative on Undergraduate Science (NIUS) iii. Countrywide Services in Cancer through Telemedicine 3. FOOD & NUTRITION SECURITY:Radiation Processing of Food & Agro Products 4. WATER RESOURCES:Desalination in water scarcity areas along the sea coast 5.ENERGY SECURITY: Electricity supply in near and long term ensuring long term sustainable development. Solar Energy Research Initiative Department of Science and Technology (DST) is primarily mandated with promotion of R activities. Accordingly, DST’s initiative on Solar Energy is positioned upstream with thrust on enabling knowledge based R activities for entire gamut of solar technologies including balance of systems. This is expected to be achieved through nurturing of R groups, formation of consortia and setting up of State-of-art facilities.Solar Energy utilization for applications both for power as well as other than power generation with a view to provide convergent technology solutions under real-life conditions are being explored a nd assessed. DST in recent times has made foray in the area of solar energy through various parallel independent initiatives with distinct objectives. S Inputs for Policy Formulation Precompetitive Research & Technology Upgradation Basic Research and Disruptive Technologies International Cooperation Enabling R for Solar Technologies

Emotional Quotient And Spiritual Intelligence In The Workplace Essay

As the world progresses and advances towards globalization, the global economy is demanding for the existence of well-managed companies and organizations. Responding to this demand, organizations are trying to find more effective formula that will enhance or improve their outputs. Two of the latest discoveries that attract companies and organizations are the concepts of emotional and spiritual development of their human resources. More and more companies are integrating the said formula in their programs and action plans as they recognize the need of these concepts that were long been neglected. In this paper, we will analyze the arguments of two chosen articles which focus on Emotional Intelligence (Must Have EQ by Anthony Landale) and Spiritual Intelligence (The Practical Application of Spiritual Intelligence in the Workplace by Mike George). Anthony Landale, in his article entitled â€Å"Must Have EQ†, argued that Emotional Intelligence or EQ (Emotional Quotient) the key for an organization to meet the challenge of getting people work together more effectively (Landale, Andrew Feb/March 2007, page 24). In line with this, the author presented his stand in four clear points. First, he argued that EQ is vital in keeping the organization or team members intact. Second, he argued that each team member must be able to learn how to manage our emotions by constantly checking our own individual behaviors. Landale made it clear that behaviors are innate in humans and that every person has his own set of good and bad behaviors. Relative to this, a person who has high emotional intelligence is able to manage even the undesirable behaviors by expressing them in the right place, time and manner. Third, Landale argued that EQ development requires empathy, which is putting oneself in the place of others. This means that one is required to constantly deal with others at work, learn to adjust as needed and be able to adapt with the situation. Lastly, the author stressed that communication is vital in the development of emotional intelligence and of keeping the organization healthy. To be able to do this, every member must maintain an open and honest communication. It was also stressed that a two-way communication line is required which means that feedback to and from management must be kept working. Emotional intelligence is therefore measured according to the person’s skill of managing his or her emotions and behaviors because EQ is actually â€Å"Self-Management. † In partnership with EQ, a company must also train its human resources to develop Spiritual Intelligence (SQ). The author centered his arguments on the practical applications of SQ especially in the workplace because SQ development focuses on the three deepest motivations of humans: creativity, meaning and purpose (George, Mike 2006, page 3). The author argued that since Spiritual Intelligence directly work with these three human motivations, SQ development will definitely make a company a vibrant workplace. If a person’s SQ is well-developed, he will be able to have a clear sense of his identity and a definite purpose. Spiritual intelligence enables a person to live with integrity by setting a good example. Because SQ gives the individual the power the flexibility to adapt to the environment, a person with high SQ is able to be cool and focused even in a stressful situation. By developing one’s self-awareness, a person with high SQ also will have the power to find the cause of his emotions, its meanings and be able to manage them. This in turn will develop one’s empathy. Spiritual intelligence focuses on the development on a person’s ability to fight the ego in order for him to adapt to changes. Finally, development of spiritual intelligence enables a person to recognize the non-material reality of his being that is humans have non-material needs which when recognized alleviates life’s insecurity. If cognitive intelligence is about thinking and emotional intelligence is about feeling, then spiritual intelligence is about being† (McMullen, Brian 2003). In line with the arguments of Landale and George, this statement is parallel with their point of view that EQ has something to do with self-management while SQ deals with self-awareness of the non-material reality of the being. In the modern world, people are inclined to boosting their cognitive intelligence (IQ) as this may seem the measuring device for one’s success in life. But the real working world does not acknowledge the importance of IQ alone, rather the development of all four basic intelligences that define the successful individual. â€Å"IQ appears to be related to minimum standards to enter a given a profession† (Wiggleswoth, Cindy ). In line with Landale’s claim that EQ is of managing emotions, a study of store managers in retail chain proved that efficient management of emotions especially with stress is important for success (Cherniss, Cary 2000). However Cherniss stressed that this is just one aspect of the complex scope of emotional intelligence. He said that â€Å"emotional intelligence has as much to do with knowing when and how to express emotion as it do with controlling it. † This statement corroborates Landale’s idea that EQ is of acknowledging and identifying the emotions and learning how to express them in a proper behavior (Landale, Andrew 2007, page 24). The importance of this aspect of EQ was proven worthwhile in modern organizations as with the experiment done in the US navy wherein researchers found that â€Å"the most effective leaders in the US Navy were warmer, more outgoing, emotionally expressive, dramatic, and sociable† (Barsade, S. t. al 1998). Another aspect of emotional intelligence is empathy which is proven by researchers that it contributes to occupational success (Cherniss, Cary 2000). This is the aspect that overlaps with the concept of spiritual development which also acknowledges the importance of empathy in recognizing the cause of the emotions and be able to utilize them in adapting to changes. â€Å"EQ is the development of the capacity for self-control and the ability to respond with sensitivity and empathy† (Oxford Leadership Academy). This is also important if a manager or someone in the organization would like to positively influence the work behaviors of other members. A practical application of this as cited in one article is that one’s effectiveness can influence others depending on one’s ability to connect with them particularly of understanding the feelings of others (Goleman, Daniel 1999). To effectively influence others we also need to be able to manage our own emotions. Connected to EQ development is the spiritual intelligence which centers on developing the skills of the person in managing the inner self or the non-material reality of one’s being as claimed by George. One author defined spiritual intelligence as â€Å"the ability to behave with Compassion and Wisdom while maintaining inner and outer peace (equanimity) regardless of the circumstances† (Wigglesworth, Cindy). Since compassion encompasses the ability to understand the feelings of others, as what empathy suggests, the concepts of EQ and SQ therefore work together towards the complete success of a person and the organization where he belongs. The practical point of this is that when someone is emotionally and spiritually intelligent, he will be able to make the most out of his skills, emotions, behaviors and traits in managing himself and in turn will give him the power to positively connect with others. That optimism is brought about by the fact that the person, with empathy and compassion, understands the emotions of others which give him the ability to stay calm and focused no matter what the situation brings. Relative to George’s argument that spiritual intelligence in necessary for a person to live a life with integrity and in line with the clear purpose, one author has the same perspective. According to 1Wigglesworth, spiritual intelligence development encompasses self and universal awareness including the ego and social mastery. In the management world, spiritually intelligent manager is a â€Å"wise and effective change agent† who makes compassionate and wise decisions. Wigglesworth further said that SQ enables managers to have the calming and healing presence in the midst of stressful workplace. In contrast with George who did not acknowledge the importance of communication in the development of SQ, Landale stressed that EQ development requires a manager to â€Å"prioritize the giving and receiving of feedbacks† (Landale, Anthony 2007). Connecting with other members of the organization builds and cultivates relationships and that can only be possible when open communication is active in the organization. Putting the essentials of emotional and spiritual intelligence, we clearly draw out the idea that the development of these basic intelligences focus on relationships which is especially important in building an effective, efficient working environment. The human resources of the organization are its most valuable assets so it is vital that that training and development should include the wholeness of their being. Companies of the modern economy is already recognizing the fact the business is not all about making money, rather it encompasses the building of organization members with multiple intelligence. An organization with personnel, especially leaders, who have well developed cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligence, is a happy and enthusiastic working environment. Developing the emotional and spiritual intelligence is the answer to the intangible needs of the organization: healthy working relationships.

Spread of Islamic civilation essays

Spread of Islamic civilation essays DBQ #: Spread of Islamic Civilization From its beginnings in Arabia to its extensive empire encompassing the Middle East, parts of Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe,paul duffy is fat the spread of Islam in the late 600s and 700s has drawn much study. The spread of Islamic beliefs and civilization have been described from a variety of perspectives. One way in which Islam spread was by the military conquests of the Muslims. Mohammed gave choices to non-Moslem peoples. They could either accept Islam or war would be waged against them and many lives would be taken. These threats by the Moslems caused many to convert and become followers of Allah. When a group defied these words they were punished severely by the Moslems. Moslem warrior were known to be fierce and were quite capable of forcing nations into Islam. There were other times when military conquests were made by the Moslems in order to gain riches, or booty, as opposed to punishing a group of peoples. These campaigns were not made with the intention of gaining permanent footholds but once the Moslems finished their raids it was inevitable that the areas would become part of the Arab empire. Not everyone was forced to follow Islam though. There were many people to whom the Islamic culture appealed. The promise to devout Moslems of a paradise with an abundant supply of water appealed to many desert-dwellers. The belief in equality among all followers of Islam appealed to many impoverished nations. These people willingly converted to Islam from their ancestral religions, causing the Islamic empire to grow. Then you have peoples like the Christians or Jews, who were respected by most Moslems because of their monotheistic beliefs. These two groups did have to pay, however, for the protection of the Moslems. If they did not pay, they too would be punished. Because although they were respected by some Moslems, there were others who believed that Christians...