Aldi and Lidls Market Strategy: A Comparison

Aldi and Lidls Market Strategy: A Comparison Aldi and Lidl are both fruitful basic food item retailer stores that began their business in their nation of origin Germany and wound up growing their business sectors to practically all parts in Europe. If there should be an occurrence of Aldi, they even have their stores in Australia and Unites States. The two of them had the ideal market methodologies for their basic food item retail location that helped them increment their benefits for a bigger scope. While Aldi followed a Hard rebate technique, Lidl followed a Soft markdown methodology. Due to their enormous achievement, the organizations are presently attempting to enter the business sectors of Russia, Croatia, Mexico, Brazil and so on. ALDI: Aldi is a German basic food item retail location that offers HARD markdown for example they sell less number of things (store brands) at an exceptionally modest cost which builds their benefit. Aldi was established by Karl and Theo Albrecht during the 1960s. Aldi is short name for Albrecht Discount. They had a straightforward system of expanding their business volume and benefit by financing the costs of the item. They had a moderate methodology wherein they didn't spend much on the store structure, client care or notice. They sold their items in distribution center like stores. By diminishing the costs of the items, they had the option to sell increasingly number of items and henceforth bigger benefit. Their objective purchasers were the normal spending buyers who incline toward quality items at lower costs. They followed the hypothesis of economies of scale. If we somehow managed to look at Aldi and Lidl regarding their business volume, Aldi could be found to have more market in Germany than in a remote market. Lidl could be believed to have a bigger number of deals volume in remote markets than Aldi. Aldi has now arrived at advertise immersion on Germany and is currently anticipating grow their business sectors further and focus on an alternate crowd. They had a turnover of  £2.76bn in 2011 (The Grocer, 2011). Aldi has more than 9000 stores all around the globe now. LIDL: Lidl is additionally German basic food item retail location that offers SOFT rebate for example they sell bigger number of things that incorporate both marked items and store items at lower costs. Lidl was opened in 1973 by Dieter Schwarz in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Lidl entered France in 1988. They currently have stores practically all over Europe and furthermore in certain pieces of South America. Correlation SALES VOLUME: If we somehow managed to think about Aldi and Lidl regarding their business volume, Aldi could be found to have more market in Germany than in a remote market. Lidl could be believed to have a larger number of deals volume in outside business sectors than Aldi. REASONS WHY ALDI AND LIDL CHOSE GREENFIELD INVESTMENT STRATEGY: Greenfield venture procedure is the place an organization purchases a land and assembles its store from zero level. Aldi had a procedure of purchasing lands in remote areas or in districts where the expense of property is low in order to spend least and increase greatest. Greenfield speculation technique causes the organization to coordinate with the way of life of a remote market for example in the event that they are focusing on an outside nation. Organizations could even get charge endowments from the remote nation they are attempting to infiltrate on the premise that they give work to local people there. Utilizing local people is much increasingly valuable as they help in better comprehension of the way of life in the outside land which could thus help in adjusting and changing their items and system as per the social contrasts. Aldi and Lidl had the option to adjust better to the outside business sectors as a result of this technique as it helps in a superior comprehension of th e market as far as client inclinations and tastes. This methodology positively affected developing markets as there was age of business, trade of information and increment of expectations for everyday comforts. Consequently, the Greenfield speculation methodology was helpful to Aldi and Lidl as their essential market technique while entering a remote market. TO IMPROVE ITS IMAGE OF AN UNDERCLASS DISCOUNTER IN THE U.K AND IN SWITZERLAND, WHY ALDI ENLARGED ITS PRODUCT RANGE AND OFFERED A HIGHER SERVICE LEVEL TO CUSTOMERS? Issues AND RISKS ASSOCIATED: Aldi needed to leave from its hard rebate techniques it had back there in its nation of origin Germany. Obviously they needed to think of new methodologies to endure and to make benefits in the new remote market. At the point when they entered the UK and Switzerland, they needed to confront rivalries from the neighborhood marks previously arranged there. Additionally in UK, less expensive products were viewed as low in worth and quality. Thus Aldi needed to expand the costs of merchandise in order to draw in the shoppers and guarantee that they sell quality items. Recently they expanded the cost of milk again in September, 2012. They did this in order to breakdown the picture of an UNDERCLASS discounter. Costs in the UK and Switzerland are right around multiple times of that in Germany. Aldi likewise did some promoting efforts to draw in clients. In UK they began offering wide choices of meat items. The deals have multiplied in the UK starting at 2012 review. Aldi likewise needed to adjust their items to suit the client needs. They didn't sell German items; rather they relabelled them in Switzerland and furthermore offered local items to fulfill the client requests and tastes. This demonstrates the significance of having and understanding methodologies to be a victor in an outside market. Dangers Since Aldi is breaking path from its picture of a hard markdown supplier and changing its system to endure the outside market by expanding its value extend, it could lose its clients to Lidl. In outside business sectors like the U.K and Switzerland, Aldi no longer stands for instance of hard markdown technique. They burn through cash on client care, promoting efforts, store building and structuring following which increment the selling cost of the merchandise. They currently sell quality items at significant expense. They have begun un-utilizing the extremely essential procedure selling at low costs for expanded benefits for which they were known. As a result of their changed picture, they are in danger of losing their clients. Internationalization OF LIDL-FAST PUSHING AND ALDI-SLOW AND WELL-CONSIDERED? REASONS? The facts demonstrate that the internationalization procedure of Lidl is quick and pushing while that of Aldis is moderate and all around considered. Aldis moderate and considered methodology is very obvious from the way that it enters a remote market with a hole of around 10 years. Aldi at first worked in Germany as it were. It moved to Austria just in 1967 for example seven years after its opening and achievement in the nation of origin Germany. Following ten years in Austria it entered the US advertise. This shows Aldi first investigations the remote market, the degree for their development, distinguishes the objective shoppers and think of methodologies before wandering into an outside market. As the contextual investigation specifies, in Switzerland, Aldi first focused on German talking districts of the nation following which they entered their development. Aldi is very mindful before wandering into an outside market as plainly appeared by the models above. Lidl then again is very quick in their methodology. They follow a kind of experimentation strategy. This could be seen by the manner in which they entered Poland and Norway. On occasion it worked for them, however on occasion it has likewise driven them to tremendous misfortunes (for example in Norway) In 2007, when they extended to Poland, they had the option to make tremendous benefits when contrasted with the adversary Aldi. This is on the grounds that when Lidl entered Poland, there were lesser or no opposition in the market and they had the option to get a new beginning and draw in clients with offers that were new for the Polish clients. Then again, Aldi needed to confront more rivalry as when they entered, the business sectors had developed and immersed with more contenders. Be that as it may, this sort of audacious wandering could likewise be hurtful on occasion for instance, in Norway in 2008; Lidl needed to offer its stores to the nearby contender Rema because of the disappointment of their systems. As a matter of first importance Norway has an interesting populace thickness spread and an alternate geographic area. In view of this the coordinations and execution got costlier and prompted misfortunes. The area of the shop was likewise observed as off-base by Werner Eversten (Head of Lidl, Norway). Additionally there were some interior administration issues like, the top administration authorities continued changing which thusly influenced the technique and arranging procedure of the organization. Preferences AND DISADVANTAGES OF ALDIS STRATEGY. WHICH STRATEGY DO YOU RECOMMEND TO LIDL IN TERMS OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL PRESENCE UNTIL 2020? Aldi is known for its all around thought about methodology. It despite everything has more outside business sectors other than in Europe when contrasted with Lidl. Focal points: Since they dive for deep investigation of the market, the methodologies required and the neighborhood requests of an outside market, it works emphatically for the organization as they can adjust to a remote market in a superior way. Wandering into business sectors like the US added to their benefits since they were first to offer limits and they encountered the First mover advantage. They had less contenders there. They take a shot at the hypothesis of economies of scale and infiltrate into new markets where this is another and a methodology never knew about. They maintain a strategic distance from dangers via cautiously contemplating and dissecting the market. Burdens: When Aldi entered outside business sectors, it needed to change its systems to adjust to the client requests of that nation. Thus it needed to acquire client care plans, promotions, flyers, store structuring which expanded their cost. They needed to expand their costs to cover for this in this manner moving from their hard markdown system. Because of this they could lose the clients in the lower pay layers of the general public. They should confront the normal and clear danger of internationalization for example understanding social contrasts (like in the UK) and confronting the nearby contenders. Procedure for Lidl: Lidl has consistently entered remote markets in scurry. It never considered the market requests or investigated the sco

ACE Hardware Point of Purchase Observation

Decide the customers' choice procedure. B. Approach The quality of perception strategies lies In â€Å"what It Is†. The subject isn't required to review activities, to answer a poll or to finish an individual Interview. In like manner, the eyewitness Is not In a situation to Interpret an answer by an Interviewee. Activity is recorded not translation. Undercover observational research is utilized. Analysts don't distinguish themselves. Analysts are either blending in the subjects undetected, or seeing from the distance.This technique is utilized with the goal that the subjects' conduct won't be tainted by the nearness of the scientist. Clients will be watched whether or not or not they Interested in specific divisions or whether they were by all accounts just going through. All people, once â€Å"picked up†, will be recorded and considered In the examination regardless of whether no buys are made. The perception area will be centered around the ground floor of ACE Hardwa re BCC.Researchers will spread in like manner to the clients developments. The change pace of the store will be dictated by watching the quantity of clients coming in just from the primary entryway and clients buying at the clerks of the ground level. Whatever other exercises that happen on the different floor(s) sick not be watched. To stay away from predispositions with respect to the components of the store, scientists will likewise actualize some basic individual meeting to the ACE Hardware staffs.By doing as such, specialists may decipher the observational information gathered all the more precisely. C. Purpose of Purchase Observation Things to be watched: Store Measurement Conversion or Closure Rate The measure of time a customer spends In a store Interception Rate (level of clients who have contact with a store representative) Shopping Behavior Departments visited Things seen and contacted Things put In the truck Effort spent Purchase choice Store Management .Display Location of every office Products put on the rack at the stature the eye level Price labels (is there any contrasts between items showed in plain view table and those on the rack) Differences of items on the tallness of eye level, above eye level, and under eye level (value, type, hues, shape, and so forth ) Products plan Lighting b. Store Assistances Employees way to deal with shoppers How to manage questions and objections c. In Store Promotion Current advancements Terms and states of the advancement Upcoming advancements d. Administration Environment Must be accessible in the administration Environment

Pride Month at Columbia University, at SIPA, and in NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Pride Month at Columbia University, at SIPA, and in NYC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Pride Month is still going strong as we head into mid-June, and New York City has a strong connection to Pride. June was chosen for LGBTQ Pride Month to commemorate the Stonewall riots in June 1969, where black, brown and trans members of the LGBTQ community protested against a police raid at the Stonewall Inn. Today, the Stonewall Inn is a National Historic Landmark; back in 1969, it was the target of an anti-gay legal system and rampant homophobia. Being a policy and international affairs graduate school in the center of New York, LGBTQ rights in law and policy is a course that Adjunct Professor Jessica Stern teaches here. She describes the course as life-changing, not just for LGBTQ students, but also for straight allies. This is something that is a beautiful part of a large school of critical thinkers (and do-ers) in the diverse and dense city of New York: you have every opportunity to learn about the intersection of LGBTQ rights, race, policy, and law â€" as well as the history of the LGBTQ movement. That being said, I am writing this post from my own perspective as a straight person and generally average New Yorker.* I used to live in Hell’s Kitchen, an extremely gay-friendly neighborhood. I worked closely with many Broadway workers, and every single one had lost close friends and loved ones during the AIDS crisis. I’ve gotten out of the subway countless times at the Christopher St. stop, right in Greenwich Village where the Stonewall Inn is located. Even if you’re not in New York City, being on the internet exposes us to countless words and phrases that were invented and coined by the gay community, with users enthusiastically commenting “yas queen!” without knowing where it came from. Being at SIPA will cause you to think about your place in the world, and what your work in policy and international affairs will mean for others. What does it mean to have inclusive policy? What work needs to be done to shift rhetoric and policies in my country? What do I need to learn to be more effective in creating sustainable change? Pride Month is a celebration: of the LGBTQ community, of dignity and equality â€" and honestly, the marches and parties in NYC are really fun. This month, I’m also thinking about what it means to be a straight ally. I was once told by a friend that he didn’t want an ally in this movement; he wanted an accomplice. He wanted someone to conspire with him, to protest with him, to actively change the status quo with him. Professor Stern says that it’s essential to incorporate LGBTQ studies into curriculum. Perhaps this is something you’re intimately familiar with, and perhaps this is something that you’ve never thought about because of your environment and upbringing. At Columbia SIPA, you have the opportunity to learn things, that you didn’t even know you didn’t know. Tomorrow well share a post from a SIPA student about his perspective on Pride Month in New York City as a policy student. Until then, some resources: Professor Stern on  when governments shift toward nationalist rhetoric and policies, LGBTQ people are often among the first minorities targeted. About  Spectrum,SIPA’s student organization that uses advocacy and information to advance, local, national and international transformations in favor of LGBTQIA rights.  This past spring, Spectrum hosted an event with Alok Vaid-Menon about policy, leadership, and non-binary and gender-nonconforming people. Columbia University’s “Pride of Lions” campaign, celebrating LGBTQ history and scholarship from across the university. The documentary “Paris Is Burning,” which focuses on house and ball culture in New York City in the 1980s and the black, Latinx, gay and trans communities involved. (Available on Netflix.) *I ran a first draft of this blog post past a SIPA student who pointed out that I was missing the intersection of race within the LGBTQ movement. I include this as an anecdote of the SIPA community being a supportive environment in the collective quest to do better!

Henry Fords Automobile And Its Effects On American...

Henry Ford’s Automobile It’s Effects on American Society Over the course of the 20th century, the automobile has gone from being an expensive toy of the rich, to being the standard for passenger transport in most developed countries around the world (Urry). Not unlike the effects of the introduction of Railways into society, automobiles have changed social interactions, employment patterns, goods distribution and the basic face of urban society. The automobile itself is a rather controversial issue. Supporters of the automobile claim that it is a â€Å"marvel of technology† that has brought about prosperity, while opponents aver it leads to urban planning that discourages walking and human interaction, uses non-renewable fuels, generates†¦show more content†¦Ford believed that by paying people more, he would enable Ford employees to afford the cars they were producing and be good for the economy. This new wage plan was offered to men over the age of 22 who had worked for Ford for at least 6 months, and whose lifestyles were approved by Ford’s Sociological Department (150 investigators and support staff who maintained â€Å"employee standards†). Another defining characteristic of Ford Motor Company is Henry Ford’s adamant opposition to labor unions. Ford Motor Company was the last Detroit automobile company to sign a contract with the United Auto Workers union, having done so in June of 1941. In more recent years, the Ford Motor Company has encountered some resistance from environmentalists. â€Å"Ford motor co. ranked 7th as one of the top corporate air polluters in the United States releasing 9.67 million pounds of toxic air in 2002† (PERI). In an attempt to appease the criticism received due to their environmental standing by announcing a plan in 2000 to improve the average gasoline mileage of a line of its trucks by twenty-five percent by 2005. This goal was never met; Ford announced that â€Å"competitive market conditions and technological and cost challenges would prevent the company from achieving thisShow MoreRelatedThe Invention of the Automobile Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pageslittle practical purpose. Automobiles first began to truly spread with the invention of the electric motor which created cheaper, more powerful, and safer automobiles. Still the automobile still had numerous problems and were mainly in the hands of the rich. It was the development of the internal combustion engine and the assembly line that was truly able to create a practical vehicle that could be used by all and propelled the automobile into the heart of American culture and made it one of the mostRead MoreEssay on Economy vs. Environment1243 Words   |  5 Pagesa new mode of transportation was available for the â€Å"average American†, Henry Ford’s automobile. 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But The introduction of Henry FordsRead MoreGeneral Motors with Lean Manufacturing3656 Words   |  15 PagesFailure and Effect Analysis 11 3.4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward 11 3.5 Quality System Management 13 Part 4.Comments 14 4.1 Achievements beyond Efficiency 14 4.2 A Too-Lean GM? 15 Bibliography 16 Part 1.Overview of General Motors 1.1 Why General Motors? First automotive industry has started in 1885 since Karl Benz and Daimler develop gasoline engine cars. The early automotive industry was expensive ,slow and didnt escape from the design of the wagon type. But The introduction of Henry Fords conveyor

The Pop Art Movement Of The 1960 S - 1051 Words

Coming to the United States in the early 1950’ and reaching its peak of activity in the 1960’s would be Pop art. This type of art was everywhere, billboards, commercial products, and celebrity images. You see this type of art mostly in comic strips. This type of art celebrates the everydays items that people used. Pop art was the start of a new art movement, In the very beginning, PopArt began in Britain in the way early 1950s. Arthistory.com says â€Å" The first application of the term PopArt occurred during discussions among artist who called themselves the Independent Group (IG), which was part of the Institute of contemporay art in London, begun around 1952-1953.†. The Pop Art movement was mostly associated with these New York artists, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist,and Claes Oldenburg. Andy Warhol was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He had two older brothers, John and Paul. At the age of six, due to an illness, he was c onfined to his bed. Andy had chorea. Chorea is a disease that causes involuntary movements, that get worse in situations of stress or anxiety. Some cases it only looked like the kid was clumsy, but in Andy’s case it was pretty bad. Woth that disease, it gave his mother the perfect opportunity to teach her son how to trace, draw, take pictures, and things like that. With his mo His mother bought him his first camera at the age of nine. He went to school at Carnegie Institute ( Carnegie Museum of Art), Schenley HighShow MoreRelatedThe Pop Art Movement Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pop Art Movement Pop art got its name from Lawrence Alloway, who was a British art critic in 1950’s. The name â€Å"Pop Art† reflected on the â€Å"familiar imagery of the contemporary urban environment† (kleiner, 981). This art form was popular for its bold and simple looks plus its bright and vibrant colors. An example of this type of art is the oil painting done by Andy Warhol, â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (Warhol, Marilyn Diptych) in 1962. The Pop art movement became known in the mid-1950 and continued asRead MorePop Art Movement Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pop Art Movement was one of the biggest visual art movements of the 20th century. Therefore it is extremely significant. Pop Art is simply an abbreviation for popular art work. Numerous artists such as such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist and Claes Oldenburg started this phenomenal movement form the 1950’s and onwards. It came at a time after a two decade period where abstract art was extremely popular. Pop Art is the movement in art when artists began to create art with theRead MoreThe Movement Of Pop Art991 Words   |  4 Pages The term ‘Pop Arts ‘was innovated in the mid-1950s and early 1960 s. Undoubtedly, the god father of this movement is Andy Warhol – the biggest influence on humanity s fixation on visual art. His performance traverses the connection among aesthetic utterance, culture and commercial. By applying various ways of techniques which included silk screen process (for mass production) and colour settlement, Warhol showed to the world of art his perspectives on media, economics and politics. Thus, thisRead MoreEssay about Pop Art’s Response to Mass Consumerism1133 Words   |  5 PagesPart One: Introduction to Pop Art The Pop Art movement â€Å"uses elements of popular culture, such as magazines, movies, †¦ and even [brand name] bottles and cans† to convey a message about the artist’s views on society. Using bold coloured paintings, soft sculptures, and printmaking, artists would create facsimiles, similar reproductions of popular merchandise and collages. The purpose was to emphasize the banality of any given mass culture. This was a response the post-war conservative society whichRead MoreReverie by Roy Lichtenstein1262 Words   |  6 PagesLichtenstein was an American artist who was an influential part of the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York in 1923 and he has created some of the most well-known Pop Art paintings and artworks. An example of his artwork is â€Å"Reverie†, it is a screen print by Roy Lichtenstein in 1965 in his iconic comic strip art style. â€Å"Reverie† by Roy Lichtenstein shows social commentary of mass pro duction through the art movement it’s in, the technique used, the subject matter. â€Å"Reverie†Read MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On The Pop Art Movement1608 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, was one of the most successful artists within the pop art movement. At the age of 8, Warhol was diagnosed with a rare, sometimes fatal, disease named Chorea. 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His views on American culture ad unique artistic expressions of the style of art had a greatRead MoreClaude Manet – Impressionism – 19Th . Oscar-Claude Monet1449 Words   |  6 Pagesand the most consistent and productive expert of the movement s philosophy of communicating one s observations before nature particularly applied to plein-air landscape painting. The expression Impressionism is from the title of his piece Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which was shown in 1874 in the first of the independent presentations mounted by Monet and his partners as an alternate choice to the Salon de Paris. Monet s aspiration of painting the French countryside drove

The Properties of Chemical Reactions Free Essays

Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty, Science 10 Fiona Adams, November 1st, 2012 Introduction Chemical reactions are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing colour in the fall. A  chemical reaction  is the process that occurs when two or more substances combine to produce a chemical change. We will write a custom essay sample on The Properties of Chemical Reactions or any similar topic only for you Order Now When a chemical reaction takes place, the change is indicated by one or more qualitative properties. The colour or odor could change, gas could be produced, a precipitate – a solid substance in a solution – could be formed, or energy could be absorbed or released. The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. When chemical reactions occur, the end result is called a product. Products usually have different properties than reactants; bonds between atoms will be changed during the reaction, switch the atoms’ arrangement in different compounds. A compound is a chemical substance that consists of two or more different chemically bonded elements. In this experiment, several different compounds are being worked with – potassium iodide, lead (II) nitrate, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or not a reaction has taken place using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Procedure Part 1 – Qualitative observations of both potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were recorded in a table. Then, the equipment and chemicals needed were gathered – potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, a graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, small test tube, rubber stopper, and small scale. Using the graduated cylinder, 10 mL of potassium iodide solution was measured and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask. Next, the lead (II) nitrate solution was poured into the small test tube until it was approximately half full. The test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask, and sealed with a rubber stopper – the solutions were not mixed. The mass of flask, stopper and contents were determined by being placed and weighed on a small scale. The mass determined was then recorded in another table. The Erlenmeyer flask was tipped so the previously separate solutions were allowed to mix, and the new mixture was again weighed and recorded in the second table. Changes in appearance from the original solutions were recorded in the first table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Part 2 – Qualitative observations of both acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were recorded in a third table. Equipment and chemicals were gathered – acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, a small scale, two plastic â€Å"weigh boats†, scoopula, and graduated cylinder. The first weigh boat was placed on the scale and the scale was â€Å"zeroed†. One scoop of sodium bicarbonate was poured into the weigh boat with the scoopula, and the results were recorded in a fourth table. Next, the second weigh boat was placed on the scale and zeroed. Using the graduated cylinder, 15 mL of acetic acid was measured and poured into the weigh boat on the scale. The mass of the acetic acid was recorded in the fourth table. The sodium bicarbonate, measured previously, was poured into the weigh boat of acetic acid, and qualitative observations of that were recorded in the third table. When the reaction was complete, the mass of the products shown on the scale was recorded in the fourth table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Results Qualitative Observations Part 1 – Before the reaction took place, both the potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate had similar characteristics – they were both in a liquid state, as well as being clear and colorless. After the reaction, the qualitative observations of the new substance showed several differences. It was yellow in color, and a grainy precipitate had formed. The substance remained in a liquid state. (Table 2) Quantitative Observations from Part 1 – Mass of Reactants and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Mass of Products and Apparatus (g)| 140. 26| Qualitative Observations Part 2 – Before the reaction took place, the acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate each had different qualitative characteristics. The acetic acid was clear, colorless and in a liquid state. The sodium bicarbonate, however, was a white powder, in a solid state. The reaction caused the new substance to bubble and foam, producing a gas. (Table 4) Quantitative Observations from Part 2 – Mass of Sodium Bicarbonate (g)| 1. 01| Mass of Acetic Acid (g)| 14. 29| Mass of Products (g)| 14. 88| Analysis Part 1: The chemical reaction that took place was evidenced by several qualitative observations. The colour of the two original substances was clear, and when combined the colour changed to yellow – a change of colour is clear evidence of a chemical reaction. The word equation for this reaction would be – potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate Potassium nitrate and lead (II) iodide. In the form of a balanced equation, this reaction would be – 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2. Weighing both the reactants and the product showed that the mass of the reactants, with the apparatus, was 140. 26 grams. The mass of the product, with the apparatus, was also 140. 6 grams – the product of this reaction had the same mass as the reactants. These results were expected, based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. The Law of Conservation of Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The application of the Law of Conservation of Mass means that the mass of products in a chemical reaction will equal the mass of the reactants, and this is consistent with the r esults of the first experiment. Part 2 Several qualitative observations determined that a chemical reaction took place – the product bubbled, and a gas was produced. The chemical equation for this reaction is CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2. Put into a word equation, the equation would be acetic acid + sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide being a gas. Because a gas is present on the product side of the equation but not on the reactant side, the gas has been produced, which is evidence of a chemical reaction. Weighing the reactants and products showed that the combined mass of the reactants was 15. 30 grams. The combined mass of the products was 14. 8 grams, weighing slightly less than the reactants. This result was expected, because it is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Although the product weighed on the scale showed a slightly lower mass, this was because the carbon dioxide was a gas, and was not accounted for on the scale. To achieve better results and gain an accurate measurement of the products’ combined mass, it would be necessary to capture the gas and weigh it as well. Pa rt 3: Extension For the chemical reaction AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, the total molecular mass of the reactants would be 228. grams – silver nitrate (AgNO3) would have a mass of 169. 9 grams, and sodium chloride (NaCl) would have a mass of 58. 5 grams. Based on the experiments performed in the lab, and the Law of Conservation of Mass, it is expected that the mass of the products would be 228. 4 grams as well. This prediction can be proved by finding the molecular mass of the reactions products – multiply the mass number of each atom by the number of said atom, and add the amounts to determine the total mass of sodium nitrate and silver chloride, the products. Conclusion Using qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was determined that reactions took place in each portion of the lab – the first between potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate; the second between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. In each section, the reactions were evidenced by several qualitative observations. When potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were combined, a change of colour occurred in the reactant and a precipitate was formed. This is evidence of a chemical change. When acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were combined, a gas was produced; also evidence of a chemical reaction. In the experiments, the Law of Conservation of Mass was discovered. The quantitative evidence in each section proved this law. In the first experiment, the mass of the products was equal to the mass of the reaction, indicating that matter was not created or destroyed in the reaction. The results of the second reaction showed a decrease in the mass of the product – however, this was only because the gas formed in the reaction could not be weighed. Application Much of the ease of our current lifestyle is due to the availability of fresh air, pure water and access to resources – all of which are almost entirely taken from the environment. When fossil fuels like coal and oil are mined and utilize, the result is a huge negative impact on the many aspects of the environment, and as a direct consequence, our lifestyles. Coal and oil have to be extracted from deep under the earth, transported, and burned. At each stage of this process, greenhouse gases – i. e. , carbon dioxide – are produced. Burning is especially bad for the environment; when burned, fossil fuels like coal and oil release mass amounts of carbon, which then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. References University of Washington. Chemical Reactions – an Introduction. http://depts. washington. edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem110A_aut01/notes_Week_5. pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Science Daily. Science Reference – Chemical Compound. http://www. sciencedaily. com/articles/c/chemical_compound. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). American University. Oil Production and Environmental Damage. http://www1. american. edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Chem Professor. Reactants and Products. http://www. chemprofessor. com/outline7b. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). How to cite The Properties of Chemical Reactions, Papers

The English and Russian Idea of Good Manners free essay sample

Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Prove your point of view. Good manners are important across the globe, but that doesnt mean they are the same all over the world. The rules of politeness vary greatly all over the world, from country to country everywhere. Once we read the article about Marta Ingram, who was English and her Russian husband, Alexander. When she first met Alexander and he said to her, in Russian, Naley mne tchai — pour me some tea. She got angry and answered, Pour it yourself. Translated into English, without a Could you?.. and a please, it sounded really rude to her. But in Russian it was fine — you dont have to add any polite words. However, when she took Alexander home to meet her parents in the UK, she had to give him an intensive course in â€Å"pleases† and â€Å"thank yous† (which he thought was completely unnecessary), and to teach him to say sorry even if someone else steps on his foot, and to smile, smile, smile. We will write a custom essay sample on The English and Russian Idea of Good Manners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another thing which Alexander just couldnt understand was why people said things like, Would you mind passing me the salt, please? He said, Its only the salt, for goodness sake! What do you say if you want a real favour? He watched in amazement when at a dinner party in England they had to eat some really disgusting food and she said, Mmm delicious. In Russia people are much more direct. The first time Alexanders mother came to their house for dinner in Moscow, she told Marta that her soup needed some flavouring. After that when they argued about it Alexander said, Do you prefer your guest to lie? Alexander complained that in England he felt like a village idiot, because in Russia if you smile all the time people think that you are mad. In fact, this is exactly what her husbands friends thought of her the first time she went to Russia because she smiled at everyone, and translated every please and thank you from English into Russian. At home they now have an agreement, if they are speaking Russian, they can say Pour me some tea. But when they are speaking English he has to add a please, a thank you, and a smile.